chore: update links to the book

All links previously directing to second edition of the book, got changed to direct to the current version

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/universal:2-linux",
-  "waitFor": "onCreateCommand",
-  "onCreateCommand": ".devcontainer/setup.sh",
-  "updateContentCommand": "cargo build",
-  "postCreateCommand": "",
-  "postAttachCommand": {
-    "server": "rustlings watch"
-  },
-  "customizations": {
-    "vscode": {
-      "extensions": [
-        "rust-lang.rust-analyzer"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}

.devcontainer/setup.sh

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh -s -- -y
-
-# Update current shell environment variables after install to find rustup
-. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
-rustup install stable
-bash install.sh

.editorconfig

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*.rs]
-end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newline = true
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4

.envrc

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-# Automatically Load nix devShell w/dotenv
-use flake

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: Rustlings Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ main ]
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [ main ]
-
-env:
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-
-jobs:
-  fmt:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-        with:
-          components: rustfmt
-      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v9
-        with:
-          globs: "exercises/**/*.md"
-      - name: Run cargo fmt
-        run: |
-          cargo fmt --all -- --check
-  test:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-      - uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-      - name: Run cargo test
-        run: |
-          cargo test

.github/workflows/web.yml

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-# Workflow to build your docs with oranda (and mdbook)
-# and deploy them to Github Pages
-name: Web
-
-# We're going to push to the gh-pages branch, so we need that permission
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-# What situations do we want to build docs in?
-# All of these work independently and can be removed / commented out
-# if you don't want oranda/mdbook running in that situation
-on:
-  # Check that a PR didn't break docs!
-  #
-  # Note that the "Deploy to Github Pages" step won't run in this mode,
-  # so this won't have any side-effects. But it will tell you if a PR
-  # completely broke oranda/mdbook. Sadly we don't provide previews (yet)!
-  pull_request:
-
-  # Whenever something gets pushed to main, update the docs!
-  # This is great for getting docs changes live without cutting a full release.
-  #
-  # Note that if you're using cargo-dist, this will "race" the Release workflow
-  # that actually builds the Github Release that oranda tries to read (and
-  # this will almost certainly complete first). As a result you will publish
-  # docs for the latest commit but the oranda landing page won't know about
-  # the latest release. The workflow_run trigger below will properly wait for
-  # cargo-dist, and so this half-published state will only last for ~10 minutes.
-  #
-  # If you only want docs to update with releases, disable this, or change it to
-  # a "release" branch. You can, of course, also manually trigger a workflow run
-  # when you want the docs to update.
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-  # Whenever a workflow called "Release" completes, update the docs!
-  #
-  # If you're using cargo-dist, this is recommended, as it will ensure that
-  # oranda always sees the latest release right when it's available. Note
-  # however that Github's UI is wonky when you use workflow_run, and won't
-  # show this workflow as part of any commit. You have to go to the "actions"
-  # tab for your repo to see this one running (the gh-pages deploy will also
-  # only show up there).
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: [ "Release" ]
-    types:
-      - completed
-
-# Alright, let's do it!
-jobs:
-  web:
-    name: Build and deploy site and docs
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      # Setup
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
-      - uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-
-      # If you use any mdbook plugins, here's the place to install them!
-
-      # Install and run oranda (and mdbook)
-      # This will write all output to ./public/ (including copying mdbook's output to there)
-      - name: Install and run oranda
-        run: |
-          curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/axodotdev/oranda/releases/download/v0.3.1/oranda-installer.sh | sh
-          oranda build
-
-      # Deploy to our gh-pages branch (creating it if it doesn't exist)
-      # the "public" dir that oranda made above will become the root dir
-      # of this branch.
-      #
-      # Note that once the gh-pages branch exists, you must
-      # go into repo's settings > pages and set "deploy from branch: gh-pages"
-      # the other defaults work fine.
-      - name: Deploy to Github Pages
-        uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@v4.4.1
-        # ONLY if we're on main (so no PRs or feature branches allowed!)
-        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
-        with:
-          branch: gh-pages
-          # Gotta tell the action where to find oranda's output
-          folder: public
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          single-commit: true

.gitignore

@@ -1,18 +1,2 @@
 *.swp
 target/
-**/*.rs.bk
-.DS_Store
-*.pdb
-exercises/clippy/Cargo.toml
-exercises/clippy/Cargo.lock
-rust-project.json
-.idea
-.vscode/*
-!.vscode/extensions.json
-*.iml
-*.o
-public/
-.direnv/
-
-# Local Netlify folder
-.netlify

.gitpod.yml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-tasks:
-  - init: /workspace/rustlings/install.sh
-    command: /workspace/.cargo/bin/rustlings watch
-
-vscode:
-  extensions:
-    - rust-lang.rust-analyzer@0.3.1348

.markdownlint.yml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# MD013/line-length Line length, Expected: 80
-MD013: false

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+language: rust
+
+branches:
+  only:
+  - master
+
+cache:
+  cargo: true
+
+script:
+  - cargo run --bin generate_readme
+  - git config user.name "Carol (Nichols || Goulding)"
+  - git config user.email "carol.nichols@gmail.com"
+  - git commit -am "Regenerate README" && git remote add upstream "https://$GH_TOKEN@github.com/carols10cents/rustlings.git" && git push -q upstream HEAD:master > /dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+notifications:
+  email:
+    on_success: never
+

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "recommendations": [
-        "rust-lang.rust-analyzer"
-    ]
-}

AUTHORS.md

@@ -1,356 +0,0 @@
-## Authors
-
-This file lists the people that have contributed to this project.
-
-Excluded from this list are @carols10cents and @diannasoreil, the principal
-authors.
-
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
-<!-- markdownlint-disable -->
-<table>
-  <tbody>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://carol-nichols.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/193874?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Carol (Nichols &#124;&#124; Goulding)"/><br /><sub><b>Carol (Nichols &#124;&#124; Goulding)</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=carols10cents" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-carols10cents" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://twitter.com/QuietMisdreavus"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5217170?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="QuietMisdreavus"/><br /><sub><b>QuietMisdreavus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=QuietMisdreavus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-QuietMisdreavus" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/robertlugg"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6054540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Robert M Lugg"/><br /><sub><b>Robert M Lugg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-robertlugg" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://hynek.me/about/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/41240?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Hynek Schlawack"/><br /><sub><b>Hynek Schlawack</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hynek" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://spacekookie.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7669898?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Katharina Fey"/><br /><sub><b>Katharina Fey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=spacekookie" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/lukabavdaz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9624558?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="lukabavdaz"/><br /><sub><b>lukabavdaz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lukabavdaz" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-lukabavdaz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://vestera.as"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/4187449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Erik Vesteraas"/><br /><sub><b>Erik Vesteraas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=evestera" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Delet0r"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/23195618?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="delet0r"/><br /><sub><b>delet0r</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Delet0r" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://phinary.ca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10522375?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Shaun Bennett"/><br /><sub><b>Shaun Bennett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=shaunbennett" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/abagshaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/8594541?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Andrew Bagshaw"/><br /><sub><b>Andrew Bagshaw</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abagshaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://ai6ua.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/175578?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kyle Isom"/><br /><sub><b>Kyle Isom</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kisom" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/ColinPitrat"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1541863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Colin Pitrat"/><br /><sub><b>Colin Pitrat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ColinPitrat" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://zacanger.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/12520493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Zac Anger"/><br /><sub><b>Zac Anger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=zacanger" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/mgeier"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/705404?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Matthias Geier"/><br /><sub><b>Matthias Geier</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=mgeier" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/cjpearce"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3453268?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Chris Pearce"/><br /><sub><b>Chris Pearce</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cjpearce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://yvan-sraka.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/705213?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yvan Sraka"/><br /><sub><b>Yvan Sraka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=yvan-sraka" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/dendi239"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16478650?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Denys Smirnov"/><br /><sub><b>Denys Smirnov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=dendi239" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/eddyp"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/123772?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="eddyp"/><br /><sub><b>eddyp</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=eddyp" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://about.me/BrianKung"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2836167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Brian Kung"/><br /><sub><b>Brian Kung</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=briankung" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-briankung" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://rcousineau.gitlab.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/281039?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Russell"/><br /><sub><b>Russell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=miller-time" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://danwilhelm.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6137185?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Dan Wilhelm"/><br /><sub><b>Dan Wilhelm</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=danwilhelm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Jesse-Cameron"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3723654?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jesse"/><br /><sub><b>Jesse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Jesse-Cameron" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Jesse-Cameron" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/MrFroop"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/196700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Fredrik Jambrén"/><br /><sub><b>Fredrik Jambrén</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MrFroop" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/petemcfarlane"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3472717?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Pete McFarlane"/><br /><sub><b>Pete McFarlane</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-petemcfarlane" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/nkanderson"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4128825?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="nkanderson"/><br /><sub><b>nkanderson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nkanderson" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nkanderson" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/ajaxm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13360138?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ajax M"/><br /><sub><b>Ajax M</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ajaxm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://dylnuge.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/118624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Dylan Nugent"/><br /><sub><b>Dylan Nugent</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Dylnuge" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/vyaslav"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1385427?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="vyaslav"/><br /><sub><b>vyaslav</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=vyaslav" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-vyaslav" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://join.sfxd.org"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17297466?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="George"/><br /><sub><b>George</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=gdoenlen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/nyxtom"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/222763?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Thomas Holloway"/><br /><sub><b>Thomas Holloway</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nyxtom" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nyxtom" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/workingjubilee"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/46493976?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jubilee"/><br /><sub><b>Jubilee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=workingjubilee" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/WofWca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/39462442?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="WofWca"/><br /><sub><b>WofWca</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=WofWca" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jrvidal"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1636604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Roberto Vidal"/><br /><sub><b>Roberto Vidal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#ideas-jrvidal" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#maintenance-jrvidal" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jensim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3663856?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jens"/><br /><sub><b>Jens</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jensim" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://rahatah.me/d"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3174006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rahat Ahmed"/><br /><sub><b>Rahat Ahmed</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=rahatarmanahmed" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/AbdouSeck"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6490055?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Abdou Seck"/><br /><sub><b>Abdou Seck</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=AbdouSeck" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-AbdouSeck" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAbdouSeck" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://codehearts.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/2885412?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Katie"/><br /><sub><b>Katie</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=codehearts" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Socratides"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/27732983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Socrates"/><br /><sub><b>Socrates</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Socratides" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/gnodarse"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/46761795?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="gnodarse"/><br /><sub><b>gnodarse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gnodarse" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/harrisonmetz"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7883408?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Harrison Metzger"/><br /><sub><b>Harrison Metzger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=harrisonmetz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/TorbenJ"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/9077102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Torben Jonas"/><br /><sub><b>Torben Jonas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=TorbenJ" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-TorbenJ" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://paulbissex.com/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Paul Bissex"/><br /><sub><b>Paul Bissex</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=pbx" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/sjmann"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6589896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Steven Mann"/><br /><sub><b>Steven Mann</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sjmann" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sjmann" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://smmdb.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5855071?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mario Reder"/><br /><sub><b>Mario Reder</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Tarnadas" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Tarnadas" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://keybase.io/skim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47347?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="skim"/><br /><sub><b>skim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sl4m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/sanjaykdragon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10261698?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Sanjay K"/><br /><sub><b>Sanjay K</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sanjaykdragon" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sanjaykdragon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.rohanjain.in"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/343499?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rohan Jain"/><br /><sub><b>Rohan Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=crodjer" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.saidaspen.se"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7727687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Said Aspen"/><br /><sub><b>Said Aspen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=saidaspen" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-saidaspen" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/uce"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1756620?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ufuk Celebi"/><br /><sub><b>Ufuk Celebi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=uce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/lebedevsergey"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7325764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="lebedevsergey"/><br /><sub><b>lebedevsergey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lebedevsergey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/avrong"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6342851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Aleksei Trifonov"/><br /><sub><b>Aleksei Trifonov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-avrong" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://drn.ie"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/411136?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Darren Meehan"/><br /><sub><b>Darren Meehan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Darrenmeehan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jihchi"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/87983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jihchi Lee"/><br /><sub><b>Jihchi Lee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jihchi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/bertonha"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1225902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Christofer Bertonha"/><br /><sub><b>Christofer Bertonha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bertonha" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/apatniv"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22565917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Vivek Bharath Akupatni"/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Bharath Akupatni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/DiD92"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6002416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Dídac Sementé Fernández"/><br /><sub><b>Dídac Sementé Fernández</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=DiD92" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-DiD92" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/wrobstory"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/2601457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rob Story"/><br /><sub><b>Rob Story</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=wrobstory" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/siobhanjacobson"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/28983835?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Siobhan Jacobson"/><br /><sub><b>Siobhan Jacobson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=siobhanjacobson" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/evancarroll/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/19922?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Evan Carroll"/><br /><sub><b>Evan Carroll</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EvanCarroll" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.jawaadmahmood.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/95606?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jawaad Mahmood"/><br /><sub><b>Jawaad Mahmood</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jmahmood" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/GaurangTandon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6308683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gaurang Tandon"/><br /><sub><b>Gaurang Tandon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-GaurangTandon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/dev-cyprium"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6002628?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Stefan Kupresak"/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Kupresak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dev-cyprium" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/greg-el"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/45019882?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Greg Leonard"/><br /><sub><b>Greg Leonard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-greg-el" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://ryanpcmcquen.org"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/772937?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ryan McQuen"/><br /><sub><b>Ryan McQuen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ryanpcmcquen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/AnnikaCodes"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/56906084?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Annika"/><br /><sub><b>Annika</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAnnikaCodes" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://darnuria.eu"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2827553?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Axel Viala"/><br /><sub><b>Axel Viala</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=darnuria" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://sazid.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2370167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mohammed Sazid Al Rashid"/><br /><sub><b>Mohammed Sazid Al Rashid</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sazid" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sazid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://codingthemsoftly.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17479099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Caleb Webber"/><br /><sub><b>Caleb Webber</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seeplusplus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/pcn"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1056756?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Peter N"/><br /><sub><b>Peter N</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-pcn" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/seancad"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/47405611?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="seancad"/><br /><sub><b>seancad</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seancad" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://willhayworth.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/181174?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Will Hayworth"/><br /><sub><b>Will Hayworth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-wsh" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/chrizel"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/20802?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Christian Zeller"/><br /><sub><b>Christian Zeller</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chrizel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jfchevrette"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3001?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jean-Francois Chevrette"/><br /><sub><b>Jean-Francois Chevrette</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jfchevrette" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jfchevrette" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jbaber"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1908117?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="John Baber-Lucero"/><br /><sub><b>John Baber-Lucero</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jbaber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tal-zvon"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3195851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Tal"/><br /><sub><b>Tal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tal-zvon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/apogeeoak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59737221?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="apogeeoak"/><br /><sub><b>apogeeoak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-apogeeoak" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apogeeoak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.garfieldtech.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/254863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Larry Garfield"/><br /><sub><b>Larry Garfield</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Crell" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/circumspect"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40770208?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="circumspect"/><br /><sub><b>circumspect</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-circumspect" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/cjwyett"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34195737?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Cyrus Wyett"/><br /><sub><b>Cyrus Wyett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cjwyett" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/cadolphs"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13894820?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="cadolphs"/><br /><sub><b>cadolphs</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cadolphs" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.haveneer.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26146722?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Pascal H."/><br /><sub><b>Pascal H.</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hpwxf" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://twitter.com/chapeupreto"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/834048?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rod Elias"/><br /><sub><b>Rod Elias</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chapeupreto" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/blerchy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2555355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Matt Lebl"/><br /><sub><b>Matt Lebl</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=blerchy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://flakolefluk.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11986564?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ignacio Le Fluk"/><br /><sub><b>Ignacio Le Fluk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-flakolefluk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tlyu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/431873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Taylor Yu"/><br /><sub><b>Taylor Yu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=tlyu" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-tlyu" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://zerotask.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20150243?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Patrick Hintermayer"/><br /><sub><b>Patrick Hintermayer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Zerotask" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://petkopavlovski.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32264020?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Pete Pavlovski"/><br /><sub><b>Pete Pavlovski</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-arthas168" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/k12ish"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/45272873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="k12ish"/><br /><sub><b>k12ish</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-k12ish" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/hongshaoyang"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19281800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Shao Yang Hong"/><br /><sub><b>Shao Yang Hong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hongshaoyang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/bmacer"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13931806?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Brandon Macer"/><br /><sub><b>Brandon Macer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bmacer" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/stoiandan"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10388612?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Stoian Dan"/><br /><sub><b>Stoian Dan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stoiandan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://about.me/pjdelport"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/630271?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Pi Delport"/><br /><sub><b>Pi Delport</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-PiDelport" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/sateeshkumarb"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/429263?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Sateesh "/><br /><sub><b>Sateesh </b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sateeshkumarb" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sateeshkumarb" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/kayuapi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10304328?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="ZC"/><br /><sub><b>ZC</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-kayuapi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/hyperparabolic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12348474?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="hyperparabolic"/><br /><sub><b>hyperparabolic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hyperparabolic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.net4visions.at"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5228369?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="arlecchino"/><br /><sub><b>arlecchino</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kolbma" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://richthofen.io/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7576730?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Richthofen"/><br /><sub><b>Richthofen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jazzplato" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/cseltol"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/64264529?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ivan Nerazumov"/><br /><sub><b>Ivan Nerazumov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cseltol" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/lauralindzey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65185744?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="lauralindzey"/><br /><sub><b>lauralindzey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lauralindzey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/sinharaksh1t"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28585848?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rakshit Sinha"/><br /><sub><b>Rakshit Sinha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sinharaksh1t" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/dbednar230"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54457902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Damian"/><br /><sub><b>Damian</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dbednar230" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://benarmstead.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/70973680?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ben Armstead"/><br /><sub><b>Ben Armstead</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=benarmstead" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/anuk909"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34924662?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="anuk909"/><br /><sub><b>anuk909</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-anuk909" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=anuk909" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://granddaifuku.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49578068?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="granddaifuku"/><br /><sub><b>granddaifuku</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-granddaifuku" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://weilet.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32561597?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Weilet"/><br /><sub><b>Weilet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Weilet" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Millione"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38575932?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="LIU JIE"/><br /><sub><b>LIU JIE</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Millione" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/abusch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/506344?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Antoine Büsch"/><br /><sub><b>Antoine Büsch</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abusch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://frogtd.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31412003?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="frogtd"/><br /><sub><b>frogtd</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-frogtd" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/EmisonLu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54395432?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Zhenghao Lu"/><br /><sub><b>Zhenghao Lu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EmisonLu" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://soundtrackyourbrand.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/762956?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Fredrik Enestad"/><br /><sub><b>Fredrik Enestad</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-fredr" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://xuesong.pydevops.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18476085?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="xuesong"/><br /><sub><b>xuesong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-xuesongbj" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/MpdWalsh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48160144?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Michael Walsh"/><br /><sub><b>Michael Walsh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MpdWalsh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/alirezaghey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26653424?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="alirezaghey"/><br /><sub><b>alirezaghey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-alirezaghey" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/frvannes16"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3188475?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Franklin van Nes"/><br /><sub><b>Franklin van Nes</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=frvannes16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://nekonako.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46141275?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="nekonako"/><br /><sub><b>nekonako</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nekonako" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tan-zx"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67887489?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="ZX"/><br /><sub><b>ZX</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tan-zx" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/sundevilyang"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1499214?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yang Wen"/><br /><sub><b>Yang Wen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sundevilyang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://brandon-high.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/759848?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Brandon High"/><br /><sub><b>Brandon High</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=highb" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/x-hgg-x"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39058530?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="x-hgg-x"/><br /><sub><b>x-hgg-x</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=x-hgg-x" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://kisaragieffective.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48310258?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kisaragi"/><br /><sub><b>Kisaragi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=KisaragiEffective" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Kallu-A"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/73198738?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Lucas Aries"/><br /><sub><b>Lucas Aries</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Kallu-A" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/ragreenburg"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24358100?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="ragreenburg"/><br /><sub><b>ragreenburg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ragreenburg" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/stevenfukase"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66785624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="stevenfukase"/><br /><sub><b>stevenfukase</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stevenfukase" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/J-S-Kim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17569303?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="J-S-Kim"/><br /><sub><b>J-S-Kim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-J-S-Kim" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Fointard"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9333398?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Fointard"/><br /><sub><b>Fointard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Fointard" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/rytheo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22184325?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ryan Lowe"/><br /><sub><b>Ryan Lowe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=rytheo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.dashen.tech"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15921519?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="cui fliter"/><br /><sub><b>cui fliter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cuishuang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/luskwater"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42529?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ron Lusk"/><br /><sub><b>Ron Lusk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-luskwater" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://liby.github.io/liby/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38807139?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Bryan Lee"/><br /><sub><b>Bryan Lee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-liby" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://nandaja.space"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2624550?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nandaja Varma"/><br /><sub><b>Nandaja Varma</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nandajavarma" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/merelymyself"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/88221256?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="pwygab"/><br /><sub><b>pwygab</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=merelymyself" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://linkedin.com/in/lucasgrvarela"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37870368?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Lucas Grigolon Varela"/><br /><sub><b>Lucas Grigolon Varela</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-lucasgrvarela" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/bufo24"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32884105?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Bufo"/><br /><sub><b>Bufo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bufo24" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://rustnote.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77730378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jack Clayton"/><br /><sub><b>Jack Clayton</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jackos" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/klkl0808"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24694249?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Konstantin"/><br /><sub><b>Konstantin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-klkl0808" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/0pling"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/104090344?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="0pling"/><br /><sub><b>0pling</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-0pling" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/KatanaFluorescent"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60199077?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="KatanaFluorescent"/><br /><sub><b>KatanaFluorescent</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=KatanaFluorescent" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Drew-Morris"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/95818166?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Drew Morris"/><br /><sub><b>Drew Morris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Drew-Morris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/camperdue42"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43047763?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="camperdue42"/><br /><sub><b>camperdue42</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-camperdue42" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/YsuOS"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30138661?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="YsuOS"/><br /><sub><b>YsuOS</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-YsuOS" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://lichess.org/@/StevenEmily"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/58114641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Steven Nguyen"/><br /><sub><b>Steven Nguyen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-icecream17" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://noahcairns.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/94420090?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="nacairns1"/><br /><sub><b>nacairns1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-nacairns1" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/pgjbz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22059237?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Paulo Gabriel Justino Bezerra"/><br /><sub><b>Paulo Gabriel Justino Bezerra</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-pgjbz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jaystile"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46078028?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jason"/><br /><sub><b>Jason</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jaystile" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://exdx.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31546601?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="exdx"/><br /><sub><b>exdx</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-exdx" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Jzow"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/68860495?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="James Zow"/><br /><sub><b>James Zow</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jzow" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://jamesabromley.wordpress.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2474334?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="James Bromley"/><br /><sub><b>James Bromley</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jayber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/swhiteCQC"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77438466?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="swhiteCQC"/><br /><sub><b>swhiteCQC</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-swhiteCQC" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/neilpate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7802334?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Neil Pate"/><br /><sub><b>Neil Pate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-neilpate" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://wojexe.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21208490?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="wojexe"/><br /><sub><b>wojexe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-wojexe" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Tostapunk"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25140297?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mattia Schiavon"/><br /><sub><b>Mattia Schiavon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Tostapunk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://toucantoco.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18406791?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Eric Jolibois"/><br /><sub><b>Eric Jolibois</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-PrettyWood" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://edwinchang.vercel.app"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/88263098?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Edwin Chang"/><br /><sub><b>Edwin Chang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EdwinChang24" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://saikat.dev/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7412443?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Saikat Das"/><br /><sub><b>Saikat Das</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-saikatdas0790" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/thatlittleboy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30731072?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jeremy Goh"/><br /><sub><b>Jeremy Goh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-thatlittleboy" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Lioness100"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65814829?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Lioness100"/><br /><sub><b>Lioness100</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Lioness100" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tvkn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79277926?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Tristan Nicholls"/><br /><sub><b>Tristan Nicholls</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tvkn" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://clairewang.net"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9344258?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Claire"/><br /><sub><b>Claire</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-clairew" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Mouwrice"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56763273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Maurice Van Wassenhove"/><br /><sub><b>Maurice Van Wassenhove</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Mouwrice" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://jmthree.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77524?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="John Mendelewski"/><br /><sub><b>John Mendelewski</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=johnmendel" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://fakhoury.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20828724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Brian Fakhoury"/><br /><sub><b>Brian Fakhoury</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-brianfakhoury" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/markusboehme"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5074759?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Markus Boehme"/><br /><sub><b>Markus Boehme</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=markusboehme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/nico-vromans"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48183857?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nico Vromans"/><br /><sub><b>Nico Vromans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-nico-vromans" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/vostok92"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/540339?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="vostok92"/><br /><sub><b>vostok92</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-vostok92" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://magnusrodseth.vercel.app"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59113973?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Magnus Rødseth"/><br /><sub><b>Magnus Rødseth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-magnusrodseth" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/rubiesonthesky"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2591240?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="rubiesonthesky"/><br /><sub><b>rubiesonthesky</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-rubiesonthesky" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.gabrielbianconi.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1275491?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gabriel Bianconi"/><br /><sub><b>Gabriel Bianconi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-GabrielBianconi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Kodylow"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/74332828?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kody Low"/><br /><sub><b>Kody Low</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Kodylow" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/rzrymiak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/106121613?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="rzrymiak"/><br /><sub><b>rzrymiak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-rzrymiak" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/miguelraz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13056181?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Miguel Raz Guzmán Macedo"/><br /><sub><b>Miguel Raz Guzmán Macedo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-miguelraz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/memark"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/318504?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Magnus Markling"/><br /><sub><b>Magnus Markling</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-memark" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/gasparitiago"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3237254?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Tiago De Gaspari"/><br /><sub><b>Tiago De Gaspari</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gasparitiago" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/skaunov"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65976143?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="skaunov"/><br /><sub><b>skaunov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-skaunov" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://caljacobson.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9152032?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Cal Jacobson"/><br /><sub><b>Cal Jacobson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cj81499" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/duchonic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34117620?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Duchoud Nicolas"/><br /><sub><b>Duchoud Nicolas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-duchonic" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/gfaugere"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11901979?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gaëtan Faugère"/><br /><sub><b>Gaëtan Faugère</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tool-gfaugere" title="Tools">🔧</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/bhbuehler"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25541343?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="bhbuehler"/><br /><sub><b>bhbuehler</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bhbuehler" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/nyurik"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1641515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yuri Astrakhan"/><br /><sub><b>Yuri Astrakhan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nyurik" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://azzamsa.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17734314?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="azzamsa"/><br /><sub><b>azzamsa</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=azzamsa" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/mvanschellebeeck"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17671052?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="mvanschellebeeck"/><br /><sub><b>mvanschellebeeck</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-mvanschellebeeck" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/aaarkid"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39987510?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Arkid"/><br /><sub><b>Arkid</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-aaarkid" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://tfpk.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10906982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Tom Kunc"/><br /><sub><b>Tom Kunc</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tfpk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/mfurak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38523093?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Marek Furák"/><br /><sub><b>Marek Furák</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-mfurak" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://winter.cafe"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/78392041?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Winter"/><br /><sub><b>Winter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=winterqt" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://moritzboeh.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42215704?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Moritz Böhme"/><br /><sub><b>Moritz Böhme</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MoritzBoehme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/craymel"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71062756?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="craymel"/><br /><sub><b>craymel</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-craymel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/tkburis"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20501289?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="TK Buristrakul"/><br /><sub><b>TK Buristrakul</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tkburis" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/HerschelW"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17935816?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kent Worthington"/><br /><sub><b>Kent Worthington</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-HerschelW" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/seporterfield"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/107010978?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="seporterfield"/><br /><sub><b>seporterfield</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-seporterfield" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dbarrosop"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6246622?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="David Barroso"/><br /><sub><b>David Barroso</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-dbarrosop" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://distanz.ch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/539708?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Tobias Klauser"/><br /><sub><b>Tobias Klauser</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=tklauser" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/0xMySt1c"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/101825630?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="0xMySt1c"/><br /><sub><b>0xMySt1c</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tool-0xMySt1c" title="Tools">🔧</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/AxolotlTears"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/87157047?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ten"/><br /><sub><b>Ten</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=AxolotlTears" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://h4x5p4c3.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66133688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="jones martin"/><br /><sub><b>jones martin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-h4x5p4c3" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/cloppingemu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12227963?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="cloppingemu"/><br /><sub><b>cloppingemu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cloppingemu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://github.com/zeromicro/go-zero"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1918356?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kevin Wan"/><br /><sub><b>Kevin Wan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-kevwan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://kurowasaruby.cn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43495006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ruby"/><br /><sub><b>Ruby</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=wjwrh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/alexandergill"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7033716?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alexander Gill"/><br /><sub><b>Alexander Gill</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=alexandergill" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jarrod-sanders/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50600614?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jarrod Sanders"/><br /><sub><b>Jarrod Sanders</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-kawaiiPlat" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/platformer"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40146328?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Andrew Sen"/><br /><sub><b>Andrew Sen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-platformer" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://grzegorz-zur.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5297583?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Grzegorz Żur"/><br /><sub><b>Grzegorz Żur</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-grzegorz-zur" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/black-puppydog"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/189241?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Daan Wynen"/><br /><sub><b>Daan Wynen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-black-puppydog" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Anush008"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46051506?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Anush"/><br /><sub><b>Anush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Anush008" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/shgew"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5584672?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gleb Shevchenko"/><br /><sub><b>Gleb Shevchenko</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-shgew" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/mdmundo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60408300?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Edmundo Paulino"/><br /><sub><b>Edmundo Paulino</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-mdmundo" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/eroullit"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/301795?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Emmanuel Roullit"/><br /><sub><b>Emmanuel Roullit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-eroullit" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://nidhalmessaoudi.herokuapp.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63377412?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nidhal Messaoudi"/><br /><sub><b>Nidhal Messaoudi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nidhalmessaoudi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/MahdiBM"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54685446?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mahdi Bahrami"/><br /><sub><b>Mahdi Bahrami</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tool-MahdiBM" title="Tools">🔧</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Nagidal"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7075397?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nagidal"/><br /><sub><b>Nagidal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Nagidal" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://adabrew.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25161597?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Adam Brewer"/><br /><sub><b>Adam Brewer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-adamhb123" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/eugkhp"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25910599?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Eugene"/><br /><sub><b>Eugene</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tool-eugkhp" title="Tools">🔧</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://social.linux.pizza/@navicore"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/110999?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ed Sweeney"/><br /><sub><b>Ed Sweeney</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-navicore" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/javihernant"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/73640929?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="javihernant"/><br /><sub><b>javihernant</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-javihernant" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/VegardMatthey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59250656?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Vegard"/><br /><sub><b>Vegard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-VegardMatthey" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/ryanwhitehouse"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13400784?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ryan Whitehouse"/><br /><sub><b>Ryan Whitehouse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ryanwhitehouse" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/guoard"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65511355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ali Afsharzadeh"/><br /><sub><b>Ali Afsharzadeh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-guoard" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://keogami.ml"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41939011?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Keogami"/><br /><sub><b>Keogami</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=keogami" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/ahresse"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28402488?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alexandre Esse"/><br /><sub><b>Alexandre Esse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ahresse" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://resilient.tech"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16315650?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Sagar Vora"/><br /><sub><b>Sagar Vora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sagarvora" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/poneciak57"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/94321164?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kacper Poneta"/><br /><sub><b>Kacper Poneta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-poneciak57" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://ktheory.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Aaron Suggs"/><br /><sub><b>Aaron Suggs</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ktheory" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/alexwh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1723612?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alex"/><br /><sub><b>Alex</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-alexwh" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/stornquist"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42915664?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Sebastian Törnquist"/><br /><sub><b>Sebastian Törnquist</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stornquist" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://smlavine.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33563640?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Sebastian LaVine"/><br /><sub><b>Sebastian LaVine</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=smlavine" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://www.alangerber.us"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/201313?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alan Gerber"/><br /><sub><b>Alan Gerber</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-akgerber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://esotuvaka.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/104941850?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Eric"/><br /><sub><b>Eric</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-esotuvaka" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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-    </tr>
-    <tr>
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-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQCjA6qUutAtWqkCA4Z36CQ"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16007179?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="IVIURRAY"/><br /><sub><b>IVIURRAY</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-IVIURRAY" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/b-apperlo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/91734527?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Bert Apperlo"/><br /><sub><b>Bert Apperlo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-b-apperlo" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://fwdekker.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13442533?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Florine W. Dekker"/><br /><sub><b>Florine W. Dekker</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-FWDekker" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/luhem7"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4008215?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mehul Gangavelli"/><br /><sub><b>Mehul Gangavelli</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-luhem7" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://robertfry.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43712054?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Robert Fry"/><br /><sub><b>Robert Fry</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-robertefry" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
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-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://anishchhetri.com.np"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/98446102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Anish"/><br /><sub><b>Anish</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-novanish" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/vnprc"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9425366?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="vnprc"/><br /><sub><b>vnprc</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-vnprc" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://androecia.net"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61999256?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Joshua Carlson"/><br /><sub><b>Joshua Carlson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jrcarl624" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://johndesilencio.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20136554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Nicholas R. Smith"/><br /><sub><b>Nicholas R. Smith</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=johnDeSilencio" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://alexfertel.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22298999?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alexander González"/><br /><sub><b>Alexander González</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-alexfertel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/softarn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/517619?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Marcus Höjvall"/><br /><sub><b>Marcus Höjvall</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-softarn" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/barlevalon"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3397911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Alon Hearter"/><br /><sub><b>Alon Hearter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-barlevalon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/shirts"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4952151?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="shirts"/><br /><sub><b>shirts</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-shirts" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/eLVas"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6797156?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ivan Vasiunyk"/><br /><sub><b>Ivan Vasiunyk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-eLVas" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://mo8it.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/76752051?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mo"/><br /><sub><b>Mo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=mo8it" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/x10an14"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/710608?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="x10an14"/><br /><sub><b>x10an14</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-x10an14" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/gabay"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5773610?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Roi Gabay"/><br /><sub><b>Roi Gabay</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gabay" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/mkovaxx"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/481354?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Máté Kovács"/><br /><sub><b>Máté Kovács</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-mkovaxx" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://szabgab.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48833?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gábor Szabó"/><br /><sub><b>Gábor Szabó</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-szabgab" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://moduslaborandi.net"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3340793?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yamila Moreno"/><br /><sub><b>Yamila Moreno</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-yamila-moreno" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/willhack"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18036720?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Will Hack"/><br /><sub><b>Will Hack</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-willhack" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://cancompute.tech"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2052646?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Michael"/><br /><sub><b>Michael</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bean5" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://www.sadiqpk.org"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1289514?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Mohammed Sadiq"/><br /><sub><b>Mohammed Sadiq</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-pksadiq" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/Jak-Ch-ll"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56225668?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jakob"/><br /><sub><b>Jakob</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jak-Ch-ll" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="http://oscarbonilla.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4950?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Oscar Bonilla"/><br /><sub><b>Oscar Bonilla</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ob" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/husjon"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/554229?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jon Erling Hustadnes"/><br /><sub><b>Jon Erling Hustadnes</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-husjon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/CobaltCause"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7003738?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Charles Hall"/><br /><sub><b>Charles Hall</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#infra-CobaltCause" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/krmpotic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10350645?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Luka Krmpotić"/><br /><sub><b>Luka Krmpotić</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-krmpotic" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/jurglic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/112600?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jurglic"/><br /><sub><b>Jurglic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jurglic" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-      <td align="center" valign="top" width="12.5%"><a href="https://github.com/OfirLauber"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5631030?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ofir Lauber"/><br /><sub><b>Ofir Lauber</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-OfirLauber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    </tr>
-  </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<!-- markdownlint-restore -->
-<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
-
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END -->
-
-This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,871 +0,0 @@
-<a name="5.6.1"></a>
-## 5.6.1 (2023-09-18)
-
-#### Changed
-
-- Converted all exercises with assertions to test mode.
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- `cow1`: Reverted regression introduced by calling `to_mut` where it
-  shouldn't have been called, and clarified comment.
-- `primitive_types3`: Require at least an array of 100 elements.
-- Removed hint comments when no hint exists for the exercise.
-- `as_ref_mut`: Fixed a typo in a test function name.
-- `enums3`: Fixed formatting with `rustfmt`.
-
-<a name="5.6.0"></a>
-## 5.6.0 (2023-09-04)
-
-#### Added
-
-- New exercise: `if3`, teaching the user about `if let` statements.
-- `hashmaps2`: Added an extra test function to check if the amount of fruits is higher than zero.
-- `enums3`: Added a test for `Message`.
-- `if1`: Added a test case to check equal values.
-- `if3`: Added a note specifying that there are no test changes needed.
-
-#### Changed
-
-- Swapped the order of threads and smart pointer exercises.
-- Rewrote the CLI to use `clap` - it's matured much since we switched to `argh` :)
-- `structs3`: Switched from i32 to u32.
-- `move_semantics`: Switched 1-4 to tests, and rewrote them to be way simpler, while still teaching about the same 
-  concepts.
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- `iterators5`:
-  - Removed an outdated part of the hint.
-  - Renamed variables to use snake_case.
-- `vecs2`: Updated the hint to reference the renamed loop variable.
-- `enums3`: Changed message string in test so that it gets properly tested.
-- `strings2`: Corrected line number in hint, then removed it (this both happened as part of this release cycle).
-- `primitive_types4`: Updated hint to the correct ending index.
-- `quiz1`: Removed duplicated sentence from exercise comments.
-- `errors4`: Improved comment.
-- `from_into`: Fixed test values.
-- `cow1`: Added `.to_mut()` to distinguish from the previous test case.
-- `threads2`: Updated hint text to reference the correct book heading.
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Cleaned up the explanation paragraphs at the start of each exercise.
-- Lots of Nix housekeeping that I don't feel qualified to write about!
-- Improved CI workflows, we're now testing on multiple platforms at once.
-
-<a name="5.5.1"></a>
-## 5.5.1 (2023-05-17)
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- Reverted `rust-project.json` path generation due to an upstream `rust-analyzer` fix.
-
-<a name="5.5.0"></a>
-## 5.5.0 (2023-05-17)
-
-#### Added
-
-- `strings2`: Added a reference to the book chapter for reference conversion
-- `lifetimes`: Added a link to the lifetimekata project
-- Added a new `tests4` exercises, which teaches about testing for panics
-- Added a `!` prefix command to watch mode that runs an external command
-- Added a `--success-hints` option to watch mode that shows hints on exercise success
-
-#### Changed
-
-- `vecs2`: Renamed iterator variable bindings for clarify
-- `lifetimes`: Changed order of book references
-- `hashmaps2`: Clarified instructions in the todo block
-- Moved lifetime exercises before test exercises (via the recommended book ordering)
-- `options2`: Improved tests for layering options
-- `modules2`: Added more information to the hint
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- `errors2`: Corrected a comment wording
-- `iterators2`: Fixed a spelling mistake in the hint text
-- `variables`: Wrapped the mut keyword with backticks for readability
-- `move_semantics2`: Removed references to line numbers
-- `cow1`: Clarified the `owned_no_mutation` comments
-- `options3`: Changed exercise to panic when no match is found
-- `rustlings lsp` now generates absolute paths, which should fix VSCode `rust-analyzer` usage on Windows
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Added a markdown linter to run on GitHub actions
-- Split quick installation section into two code blocks
-
-<a name="5.4.1"></a>
-## 5.4.1 (2023-03-10)
-
-#### Changed
-
-- `vecs`: Added links to `iter_mut` and `map` to README.md
-- `cow1`: Changed main to tests
-- `iterators1`: Formatted according to rustfmt
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- `errors5`: Unified undisclosed type notation
-- `arc1`: Improved readability by avoiding implicit dereference
-- `macros4`: Prevented auto-fix by adding `#[rustfmt::skip]`
-- `cli`: Actually show correct progress percentages
-
-<a name="5.4.0"></a>
-
-## 5.4.0 (2023-02-12)
-
-#### Changed
-
-- Reordered exercises
-  - Unwrapped `standard_library_types` into `iterators` and `smart_pointers`
-  - Moved smart pointer exercises behind threads
-  - Ordered `rc1` before `arc1`
-- **intro1**: Added a note on `rustlings lsp`
-- **threads1**: Panic if threads are not joined
-- **cli**:
-  - Made progress bar update proportional to amount of files verified
-  - Decreased `watch` delay from 2 to 1 second
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- Capitalized "Rust" in exercise hints
-- **enums3**: Removed superfluous tuple brackets
-- **quiz2, clippy1, iterators1**: Fixed a typo
-- **rc1**: Fixed a prompt error
-- **cli**:
-  - Fixed a typo in a method name
-  - Specified the edition in `rustc` commands
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Bumped min Rust version to 1.58 in installation script
-
-<a name="5.3.0"></a>
-
-## 5.3.0 (2022-12-23)
-
-#### Added
-
-- **cli**: Added a percentage display in watch mode
-- Added a `flake.nix` for Nix users
-
-#### Changed
-
-- **structs3**: Added an additional test
-- **macros**: Added a link to MacroKata in the README
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- **strings3**: Added a link to `std` in the hint
-- **threads1**: Corrected a hint link
-- **iterators1**: Clarified hint steps
-- **errors5**: Fix a typo in the hint
-- **options1**: Clarified on the usage of the 24-hour system
-- **threads2, threads3**: Explicitly use `Arc::clone`
-- **structs3**: Clarifed the hint
-- **quiz2, as_ref_mut, options1, traits1, traits2**: Clarified hints
-- **traits1, traits2, cli**: Tidied up unmatching backticks
-- **enums2**: Removed unneccessary indirection of self
-- **enums3**: Added an extra tuple comment
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Added a VSCode extension recommendation
-- Applied some Clippy and rustfmt formatting
-- Added a note on Windows PowerShell and other shell compatibility
-
-<a name="5.2.1"></a>
-
-## 5.2.1 (2022-09-06)
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- **quiz1**: Reworded the comment to actually reflect what's going on in the tests.
-  Also added another assert just to make sure.
-- **rc1**: Fixed a typo in the hint.
-- **lifetimes**: Add quotes to the `println!` output, for readability.
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Fixed a typo in README.md
-
-<a name="5.2.0"></a>
-
-## 5.2.0 (2022-08-27)
-
-#### Added
-
-- Added a `reset` command
-
-#### Changed
-
-- **options2**: Convert the exercise to use tests
-
-#### Fixed
-
-- **threads3**: Fixed a typo
-- **quiz1**: Adjusted the explanations to be consistent with
-  the tests
-
-<a name="5.1.1"></a>
-
-## 5.1.1 (2022-08-17)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Fixed an incorrect assertion in options1
-
-<a name="5.1.0"></a>
-
-## 5.1.0 (2022-08-16)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Added a new `rc1` exercise.
-- Added a new `cow1` exercise.
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **variables5**: Corrected reference to previous exercise
-- **functions4**: Fixed line number reference
-- **strings3**: Clarified comment wording
-- **traits4, traits5**: Fixed line number reference
-- **traits5**:
-  - Fixed typo in "parameter"
-  - Made exercise prefer a traits-based solution
-- **lifetimes2**: Improved hint
-- **threads3**: Fixed typo in hint
-- **box1**: Replaced `unimplemented!` with `todo!`
-- **errors5**: Provided an explanation for usage of `Box<dyn Error>`
-- **quiz2**: Fixed a typo
-- **macros**: Updated the macros book link
-- **options1**:
-  - Removed unused code
-  - Added more granular tests
-- Fixed some comment syntax shenanigans in info.toml
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Fixed a typo in .editorconfig
-- Fixed a typo in integration_tests.rs
-- Clarified manual installation instructions using `cargo install --path .`
-- Added a link to our Zulip in the readme file
-
-<a name="5.0.0"></a>
-
-## 5.0.0 (2022-07-16)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Hint comments in exercises now also include a reference to the
-  `hint` watch mode subcommand.
-- **intro1**: Added more hints to point the user to the source file.
-- **variables**: Switched variables3 and variables4.
-- Moved `vec` and `primitive_types` exercises before `move_semantics`.
-- Renamed `vec` to `vecs` to be more in line with the naming in general.
-- Split up the `collections` exercises in their own folders.
-- **vec2**: Added a second part of the function that provides an alternative,
-  immutable way of modifying vec values.
-- **enums3**: Added a hint.
-- Moved `strings` before `modules`.
-- Added a `strings3` exercise to teach modifying strings.
-- Added a `hashmaps3` exercise for some advanced usage of hashmaps.
-- Moved the original `quiz2` to be `strings4`, since it only tested strings
-  anyways.
-- Reworked `quiz2` into a new exercise that tests more chapters.
-- Renamed `option` to `options`.
-- **options1**: Rewrote parts of the exercise to remove the weird array
-  iteration stuff.
-- Moved `generics3` to be `quiz3`.
-- Moved box/arc exercises behind `iterators`.
-- **iterators4**: Added a test for factorials of zero.
-- Split `threads1` between two exercises, the first one focusing more on
-  `JoinHandle`s.
-- Added a `threads3` exercises that uses `std::sync::mpsc`.
-- Added a `clippy3` exercises with some more interesting checks.
-- **as_ref_mut**: Added a section that actually tests `AsMut`.
-- Added 3 new lifetimes exercises.
-- Added 3 new traits exercises.
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **variables2**: Made output messages more verbose.
-- **variables5**: Added a nudging hint about shadowing.
-- **variables6**: Fixed link to book.
-- **functions**: Clarified the README wording. Generally cleaned up
-  some hints and added some extra comments.
-- **if2**: Renamed function name to `foo_if_fizz`.
-- **move_semantics**: Clarified some hints.
-- **quiz1**: Renamed the function name to be more verbose.
-- **structs1**: Use an integer type instead of strings. Renamed "unit structs"
-  to "unit-like structs", as is used in the book.
-- **structs3**: Added the `panic!` statement in from the beginning.
-- **errors1**: Use `is_empty()` instead of `len() > 0`
-- **errors3**: Improved the hint.
-- **errors5**: Improved exercise instructions and the hint.
-- **errors6**: Provided the skeleton of one of the functions that's supposed
-  to be implemented.
-- **iterators3**: Inserted `todo!` into `divide()` to keep a compiler error
-  from happening.
-- **from_str**: Added a hint comment about string error message conversion with
-  `Box<dyn Error>`.
-- **try_from_into**: Fixed the function name in comment.
-
-#### Removed
-
-- Removed the legacy LSP feature that was using `mod.rs` files.
-- Removed `quiz4`.
-- Removed `advanced_errs`. These were the last exercises in the recommended
-  order, and I've always felt like they didn't quite fit in with the mostly
-  simple, book-following style we've had in Rustlings.
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Added missing exercises to the book index.
-- Updated spacing in Cargo.toml.
-- Added a GitHub actions config so that tests run on every PR/commit.
-
-<a name="4.8.0"></a>
-
-## 4.8.0 (2022-07-01)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Added a progress indicator for `rustlings watch`.
-- The installation script now checks for Rustup being installed.
-- Added a `rustlings lsp` command to enable `rust-analyzer`.
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **move_semantics5**: Replaced "in vogue" with "in scope" in hint.
-- **if2**: Fixed a typo in the hint.
-- **variables1**: Fixed an incorrect line reference in the hint.
-- Fixed an out of bounds check in the installation Bash script.
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- Replaced the git.io URL with the fully qualified URL because of git.io's sunsetting.
-- Removed the deprecated Rust GitPod extension.
-
-<a name="4.7.1"></a>
-
-## 4.7.1 (2022-04-20)
-
-#### Features
-
-- The amount of dependency crates that need to be compiled went down from ~65 to
-  ~45 by bumping dependency versions.
-- The minimum Rust version in the install scripts has been bumped to 1.56.0 (this isn't in
-  the release itself, since install scripts don't really get versioned)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **arc1**: A small part has been rewritten using a more functional code style (#968).
-- **using_as**: A small part has been refactored to use `sum` instead of `fold`, resulting
-  in better readability.
-
-#### Housekeeping
-
-- The changelog will now be manually written instead of being automatically generated by the
-  Git log.
-
-<a name="4.7.0"></a>
-
-## 4.7.0 (2022-04-14)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add move_semantics6.rs exercise (#908) ([3f0e1303](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3f0e1303e0b3bf3fecc0baced3c8b8a37f83c184))
-- **intro:** Add intro section. ([21c9f441](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/21c9f44168394e08338fd470b5f49b1fd235986f))
-- Include exercises folder in the project structure behind a feature, enabling rust-analyzer to work (#917) ([179a75a6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/179a75a68d03ac9518dec2297fb17f91a4fc506b))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Fix a few spelling mistakes ([1c0fe3cb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c0fe3cbcca85f90b3985985b8e265ee872a2ab2))
-- **cli:**
-  - Move long text strings into constants. ([f78c4802](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f78c48020830d7900dd8d81f355606581670446d))
-  - Replace `filter_map()` with `find_map()` ([9b27e8d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b27e8d993ca20232fe38a412750c3f845a83b65))
-- **clippy1:**
-  - Set clippy::float_cmp lint to deny (#907) ([71a06044](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/71a06044e6a96ff756dc31d7b0ed665ae4badb57))
-  - Updated code to test correctness clippy lint with approx_constant lint rule ([f2650de3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f2650de369810867d2763e935ac0963c32ec420e))
-- **errors1:**
-  - Add a comment to make the purpose more clear (#486) ([cbcde345](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cbcde345409c3e550112e449242848eaa3391bb6))
-  - Don't modify tests (#958) ([60bb7cc](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/60bb7cc3931d21d3986ad52b2b302e632a93831c))
-- **errors6:** Remove existing answer code ([43d0623](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/43d0623086edbc46fe896ba59c7afa22c3da9f7a))
-- **functions5:** Remove wrong new line and small English improvements (#885) ([8ef4869b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8ef4869b264094e5a9b50452b4534823a9df19c3))
-- **install:** protect path with whitespaces using quotes and stop at the first error ([d114847f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d114847f256c5f571c0b4c87e04b04bce3435509))
-- **intro1:** Add compiler error explanation. ([9b8de655](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b8de65525a5576b78cf0c8e4098cdd34296338f))
-- **iterators1:** reorder TODO steps ([0bd7a063](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0bd7a0631a17a9d69af5746795a30efc9cf64e6e))
-- **move_semantics2:** Add comment ([89650f80](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89650f808af23a32c9a2c6d46592b77547a6a464))
-- **move_semantics5:** correct typo (#857) ([46c28d5c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/46c28d5cef3d8446b5a356b19d8dbc725f91a3a0))
-- **quiz1:** update to say quiz covers "If" ([1622e8c1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1622e8c198d89739765c915203efff0091bdeb78))
-- **structs3:**
-  - Add a hint for panic (#608) ([4f7ff5d9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f7ff5d9c7b2d8b045194c1a9469d37e30257c4a))
-  - remove redundant 'return' (#852) ([bf33829d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bf33829da240375d086f96267fc2e02fa6b07001))
-  - Assigned value to `cents_per_gram` in test ([d1ee2da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
-- **structs3.rs:** assigned value to cents_per_gram in test ([d1ee2daf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
-- **traits1:** rename test functions to snake case (#854) ([1663a16e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1663a16eade6ca646b6ed061735f7982434d530d))
-
-#### Documentation improvements
-
-- Add hints on how to get GCC installed (#741) ([bc56861](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bc5686174463ad6f4f6b824b0e9b97c3039d4886))
-- Fix some code blocks that were not highlighted ([17f9d74](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/17f9d7429ccd133a72e815fb5618e0ce79560929))
-
-<a name="4.6.0"></a>
-
-## 4.6.0 (2021-09-25)
-
-#### Features
-
-- add advanced_errs2 ([abd6b70c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/abd6b70c72dc6426752ff41f09160b839e5c449e))
-- add advanced_errs1 ([882d535b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/882d535ba8628d5e0b37e8664b3e2f26260b2671))
-- Add a farewell message when quitting `watch` ([1caef0b4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1caef0b43494c8b8cdd6c9260147e70d510f1aca))
-- add more watch commands ([a7dc080b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a7dc080b95e49146fbaafe6922a6de2f8cb1582a), closes [#842](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/842))
-- **modules:** update exercises, add modules3 (#822) ([dfd2fab4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dfd2fab4f33d1bf59e2e5ee03123c0c9a67a9481))
-- **quiz1:** add default function name in comment (#838) ([0a11bad7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0a11bad71402b5403143d642f439f57931278c07))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Correct small typo in exercises/conversions/from_str.rs ([86cc8529](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/86cc85295ae36948963ae52882e285d7e3e29323))
-- **cli:** typo in exercise.rs (#848) ([06d5c097](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/06d5c0973a3dffa3c6c6f70acb775d4c6630323c))
-- **from_str, try_from_into:** custom error types ([2dc93cad](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2dc93caddad43821743e4903d89b355df58d7a49))
-- **modules2:** fix typo (#835) ([1c3beb0a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c3beb0a59178c950dc05fe8ee2346b017429ae0))
-- **move_semantics5:**
-  - change &mut \*y to &mut x (#814) ([d75759e8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d75759e829fdcd64ef071cf4b6eae2a011a7718b))
-  - Clarify instructions ([df25684c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/df25684cb79f8413915e00b5efef29369849cef1))
-- **quiz1:** Fix inconsistent wording (#826) ([03131a3d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/03131a3d35d9842598150f9da817f7cc26e2669a))
-
-<a name="4.5.0"></a>
-
-## 4.5.0 (2021-07-07)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add move_semantics5 exercise. (#746) ([399ab328](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/399ab328d8d407265c09563aa4ef4534b2503ff2))
-- **cli:** Add "next" to run the next unsolved exercise. (#785) ([d20e413a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d20e413a68772cd493561f2651cf244e822b7ca5))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- rename result1 to errors4 ([50ab289d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/50ab289da6b9eb19a7486c341b00048c516b88c0))
-- move_semantics5 hints ([1b858285](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1b85828548f46f58b622b5e0c00f8c989f928807))
-- remove trailing whitespaces from iterators1 ([4d4fa774](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4d4fa77459392acd3581c6068aa8be9a02de12fc))
-- add hints to generics1 and generics2 exercises ([31457940](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/31457940846b3844d78d4a4d2b074bc8d6aaf1eb))
-- remove trailing whitespace ([d9b69bd1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d9b69bd1a0a7a99f2c0d80933ad2eea44c8c71b2))
-- **installation:** first PowerShell command ([aa9a943d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/aa9a943ddf3ae260782e73c26bcc9db60e5894b6))
-- **iterators5:** derive Clone, Copy ([91fc9e31](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/91fc9e3118f4af603c9911698cc2a234725cb032))
-- **quiz1:** Updated question description (#794) ([d8766496](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d876649616cc8a8dd5f539f8bc1a5434b960b1e9))
-- **try_from_into, from_str:** hints for dyn Error ([11d2cf0d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/11d2cf0d604dee3f5023c17802d69438e69fa50e))
-- **variables5:** confine the answer further ([48ffcbd2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/48ffcbd2c4cc4d936c2c7480019190f179813cc5))
-
-<a name="4.4.0"></a>
-
-## 4.4.0 (2021-04-24)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Fix spelling error in main.rs ([91ee27f2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/91ee27f22bd3797a9db57e5fd430801c170c5db8))
-- typo in default out text ([644c49f1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/644c49f1e04cbb24e95872b3a52b07d692ae3bc8))
-- **collections:** Naming exercises for vectors and hashmap ([bef39b12](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bef39b125961310b34b34871e480a82e82af4678))
-- **from_str:**
-  - Correct typos ([5f7c89f8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5f7c89f85db1f33da01911eaa479c3a2d4721678))
-  - test for error instead of unwrap/should_panic ([15e71535](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/15e71535f37cfaed36e22eb778728d186e2104ab))
-  - use trait objects for from_str ([c3e7b831](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c3e7b831786c9172ed8bd5d150f3c432f242fba9))
-- **functions3:** improve function argument type (#687) ([a6509cc4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a6509cc4d545d8825f01ddf7ee37823b372154dd))
-- **hashmap2:** Update incorrect assertion (#660) ([72aaa15e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/72aaa15e6ab4b72b3422f1c6356396e20a2a2bb8))
-- **info:** Fix typo (#635) ([cddc1e86](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cddc1e86e7ec744ee644cc774a4887b1a0ded3e8))
-- **iterators2:** Moved errors out of tests. ([baf4ba17](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/baf4ba175ba6eb92989e3dd54ecbec4bedc9a863), closes [#359](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/359))
-- **iterators3:** Enabled iterators3.rs to run without commented out tests. ([c6712dfc](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c6712dfccd1a093e590ad22bbc4f49edc417dac0))
-- **main:** Let find_exercise work with borrows ([347f30bd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/347f30bd867343c5ace1097e085a1f7e356553f7))
-- **move_semantics4:**
-  - Remove redundant "instead" (#640) ([cc266d7d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cc266d7d80b91e79df3f61984f231b7f1587218e))
-  - Small readbility improvement (#617) ([10965920](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/10965920fbdf8a1efc85bed869e55a1787006404))
-- **option2:** Rename uninformative variables (#675) ([b4de6594](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b4de6594380636817d13c2677ec6f472a964cf43))
-- **quiz3:** Force an answer to Q2 (#672) ([0d894e6f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0d894e6ff739943901e1ae8c904582e5c2f843bd))
-- **structs:** Add 5.3 to structs/README (#652) ([6bd791f2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/6bd791f2f44aa7f0ad926df767f6b1fa8f12a9a9))
-- **structs2:** correct grammar in hint (#663) ([ebdb66c7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ebdb66c7bfb6d687a14cc511a559a222e6fc5de4))
-- **structs3:**
-  - reword heading comment (#664) ([9f3e8c2d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f3e8c2dde645e5264c2d2200e68842b5f47bfa3))
-  - add check to prevent naive implementation of is_international ([05a753fe](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/05a753fe6333d36dbee5f68c21dec04eacdc75df))
-- **threads1:** line number correction ([7857b0a6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7857b0a689b0847f48d8c14cbd1865e3b812d5ca))
-- **try_from_into:** use trait objects ([2e93a588](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2e93a588e0abe8badb7eafafb9e7d073c2be5df8))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Replace clap with argh ([7928122f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7928122fcef9ca7834d988b1ec8ca0687478beeb))
-- Replace emojis when NO_EMOJI env variable present ([8d62a996](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8d62a9963708dbecd9312e8bcc4b47049c72d155))
-- Added iterators5.rs exercise. ([b29ea17e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b29ea17ea94d1862114af2cf5ced0e09c197dc35))
-- **arc1:** Add more details to description and hint (#710) ([81be4044](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/81be40448777fa338ebced3b0bfc1b32d6370313))
-- **cli:** Improve the list command with options, and then some ([8bbe4ff1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8bbe4ff1385c5c169c90cd3ff9253f9a91daaf8e))
-- **list:**
-  - updated progress percentage ([1c6f7e4b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c6f7e4b7b9b3bd36f4da2bb2b69c549cc8bd913))
-  - added progress info ([c0e3daac](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c0e3daacaf6850811df5bc57fa43e0f249d5cfa4))
-
-<a name="4.3.0"></a>
-
-## 4.3.0 (2020-12-29)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Rewrite default out text ([44d39112](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/44d39112ff122b29c9793fe52e605df1612c6490))
-- match exercise order to book chapters (#541) ([033bf119](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/033bf1198fc8bfce1b570e49da7cde010aa552e3))
-- Crab? (#586) ([fa9f522b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fa9f522b7f043d7ef73a39f003a9272dfe72c4f4))
-- add "rustlings list" command ([838f9f30](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/838f9f30083d0b23fd67503dcf0fbeca498e6647))
-- **try_from_into:** remove duplicate annotation ([04f1d079](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/04f1d079aa42a2f49af694bc92c67d731d31a53f))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- update structs README ([bcf14cf6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bcf14cf677adb3a38a3ac3ca53f3c69f61153025))
-- added missing exercises to info.toml ([90cfb6ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/90cfb6ff28377531bfc34acb70547bdb13374f6b))
-- gives a bit more context to magic number ([30644c9a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/30644c9a062b825c0ea89435dc59f0cad86b110e))
-- **functions2:** Change signature to trigger precise error message: (#605) ([0ef95947](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0ef95947cc30482e63a7045be6cc2fb6f6dcb4cc))
-- **structs1:** Adjust wording (#573) ([9334783d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9334783da31d821cc59174fbe8320df95828926c))
-- **try_from_into:**
-  - type error ([4f4cfcf3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f4cfcf3c36c8718c7c170c9c3a6935e6ef0618c))
-  - Update description (#584) ([96347df9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/96347df9df294f01153b29d9ad4ba361f665c755))
-- **vec1:** Have test compare every element in a and v ([9b6c6293](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b6c629397b24b944f484f5b2bbd8144266b5695))
-
-<a name="4.2.0"></a>
-
-## 4.2.0 (2020-11-07)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add HashMap exercises ([633c00cf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/633c00cf8071e1e82959a3010452a32f34f29fc9))
-- Add Vec exercises ([0c12fa31](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c12fa31c57c03c6287458a0a8aca7afd057baf6))
-- **primitive_types6:** Add a test (#548) ([2b1fb2b7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2b1fb2b739bf9ad8d6b7b12af25fee173011bfc4))
-- **try_from_into:** Add tests (#571) ([95ccd926](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/95ccd92616ae79ba287cce221101e0bbe4f68cdc))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- log error output when inotify limit is exceeded ([d61b4e5a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d61b4e5a13b44d72d004082f523fa1b6b24c1aca))
-- more unique temp_file ([5643ef05](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5643ef05bc81e4a840e9456f4406a769abbe1392))
-- **installation:** Update the MinRustVersion ([21bfb2d4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/21bfb2d4777429c87d8d3b5fbf0ce66006dcd034))
-- **iterators2:** Update description (#578) ([197d3a3d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/197d3a3d8961b2465579218a6749b2b2cefa8ddd))
-- **primitive_types6:**
-  - remove 'unused doc comment' warning ([472d8592](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/472d8592d65c8275332a20dfc269e7ac0d41bc88))
-  - missing comma in test ([4fb230da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4fb230daf1251444fcf29e085cee222a91f8a37e))
-- **quiz3:** Second test is for odd numbers, not even. (#553) ([18e0bfef](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/18e0bfef1de53071e353ba1ec5837002ff7290e6))
-
-<a name="4.1.0"></a>
-
-## 4.1.0 (2020-10-05)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Update rustlings version in Cargo.lock ([1cc40bc9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1cc40bc9ce95c23d56f6d91fa1c4deb646231fef))
-- **arc1:** index mod should equal thread count ([b4062ef6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b4062ef6993e80dac107c4093ea85166ad3ee0fa))
-- **enums3:** Update Message::ChangeColor to take a tuple. (#457) ([4b6540c7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b6540c71adabad647de8a09e57295e7c7c7d794))
-- **exercises:** adding question mark to quiz2 ([101072ab](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/101072ab9f8c80b40b8b88cb06cbe38aca2481c5))
-- **generics3:** clarify grade change ([47f7672c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/47f7672c0307732056e7426e81d351f0dd7e22e5))
-- **structs3:** Small adjustment of variable name ([114b54cb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/114b54cbdb977234b39e5f180d937c14c78bb8b2))
-- **using_as:** Add test so that proper type is returned. (#512) ([3286c5ec](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3286c5ec19ea5fb7ded81d047da5f8594108a490))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Added iterators1.rs exercise ([9642f5a3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9642f5a3f686270a4f8f6ba969919ddbbc4f7fdd))
-- Add ability to run rustlings on repl.it (#471) ([8f7b5bd0](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8f7b5bd00eb83542b959830ef55192d2d76db90a))
-- Add gitpod support (#473) ([4821a8be](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4821a8be94af4f669042a06ab917934cfacd032f))
-- Remind the user of the hint option (#425) ([816b1f5e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/816b1f5e85d6cc6e72673813a85d0ada2a8f84af))
-- Remind the user of the hint option (#425) ([9f61db5d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f61db5dbe38538cf06571fcdd5f806e7901e83a))
-- **cli:** Added 'cls' command to 'watch' mode (#474) ([4f2468e1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f2468e14f574a93a2e9b688367b5752ed96ae7b))
-- **try_from_into:** Add insufficient length test (#469) ([523d18b8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/523d18b873a319f7c09262f44bd40e2fab1830e5))
-
-<a name="4.0.0"></a>
-
-## 4.0.0 (2020-07-08)
-
-#### Breaking Changes
-
-- Add a --nocapture option to display test harnesses' outputs ([8ad5f9bf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8ad5f9bf531a4848b1104b7b389a20171624c82f))
-- Rename test to quiz, fixes #244 ([010a0456](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/010a04569282149cea7f7a76fc4d7f4c9f0f08dd))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add traits README ([173bb141](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/173bb14140c5530cbdb59e53ace3991a99d804af))
-- Add box1.rs exercise ([7479a473](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7479a4737bdcac347322ad0883ca528c8675e720))
-- Rewrite try_from_into (#393) ([763aa6e3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/763aa6e378a586caae2d8d63755a85eeba227933))
-- Add if2 exercise ([1da84b5f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1da84b5f7c489f65bd683c244f13c7d1ee812df0))
-- Added exercise structs3.rs ([b66e2e09](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b66e2e09622243e086a0f1258dd27e1a2d61c891))
-- Add exercise variables6 covering const (#352) ([5999acd2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5999acd24a4f203292be36e0fd18d385887ec481))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Change then to than ([ddd98ad7](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ddd98ad75d3668fbb10eff74374148aa5ed2344d))
-- rename quiz1 to tests1 in info (#420) ([0dd1c6ca](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0dd1c6ca6b389789e0972aa955fe17aa15c95f29))
-- fix quiz naming inconsistency (#421) ([5563adbb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5563adbb890587fc48fbbc9c4028642687f1e85b))
-- confine the user further in variable exercises ([06ef4cc6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/06ef4cc654e75d22a526812919ee49b8956280bf))
-- update iterator and macro text for typos and clarity ([95900828](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/959008284834bece0196a01e17ac69a7e3590116))
-- update generics2 closes #362 ([964c974a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/964c974a0274199d755073b917c2bc5da0c9b4f1))
-- confusing comment in conversions/try_from_into.rs ([c9e4f2cf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c9e4f2cfb4c48d0b7451263cfb43b9426438122d))
-- **arc1:** Passively introduce attributes (#429) ([113cdae2](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/113cdae2d4e4c55905e8056ad326ede7fd7de356))
-- **box1:** fix comment typo (#426) ([bb2ca251](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bb2ca251106b27a7272d9a30872904dd1376654c))
-- **errorsn:** Try harder to confine the user. (#388) ([2b20c8a0](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2b20c8a0f5774d07c58d110d75879f33fc6273b5))
-- **from_into.rs:** typo ([a901499e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a901499ededd3ce1995164700514fe4e9a0373ea))
-- **generics2:** Guide students to the answer (#430) ([e6bd8021](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/e6bd8021d9a7dd06feebc30c9d5f953901d7b419))
-- **installation:**
-  - Provide a backup git reference when tag can't be curl ([9e4fb100](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9e4fb1009f1c9e3433915c03e22c2af422e5c5fe))
-  - Check if python is available while checking for git,rustc and cargo ([9cfb617d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9cfb617d5b0451b4b51644a1298965390cda9884))
-- **option1:**
-  - Don't add only zeros to the numbers array ([cce6a442](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cce6a4427718724a9096800754cd3abeca6a1580))
-  - Add cast to usize, as it is confusing in the context of an exercise about Option ([f6cffc7e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f6cffc7e487b42f15a6f958e49704c93a8d4465b))
-- **option2:** Add TODO to comments (#400) ([10967bce](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/10967bce57682812dc0891a9f9757da1a9d87404))
-- **options1:** Add hint about Array Initialization (#389) ([9f75554f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9f75554f2a30295996f03f0160b98c0458305502))
-- **test2:** name of type String and &str (#394) ([d6c0a688](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d6c0a688e6a96f93ad60d540d4b326f342fc0d45))
-- **variables6:** minor typo (#419) ([524e17df](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/524e17df10db95f7b90a0f75cc8997182a8a4094))
-
-<a name="3.0.0"></a>
-
-## 3.0.0 (2020-04-11)
-
-#### Breaking Changes
-
-- make "compile" exercises print output (#278) ([3b6d5c](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/3b6d5c3aaa27a242a832799eb66e96897d26fde3))
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **primitive_types:** revert primitive_types4 (#296) ([b3a3351e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b3a3351e8e6a0bdee07077d7b0382953821649ae))
-- **run:** compile clippy exercise files (#295) ([3ab084a4](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3ab084a421c0f140ae83bf1fc3f47b39342e7373))
-- **conversions:**
-  - add additional test to meet exercise rules (#284) ([bc22ec3](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/bc22ec382f843347333ef1301fc1bad773657f38))
-  - remove duplicate not done comment (#292) ([dab90f](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/dab90f7b91a6000fe874e3d664f244048e5fa342))
-- don't hardcode documentation version for traits (#288) ([30e6af](https://github.com/fmoko/rustlings/commit/30e6af60690c326fb5d3a9b7335f35c69c09137d))
-
-#### Features
-
-- add Option2 exercise (#290) ([86b5c08b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/86b5c08b9bea1576127a7c5f599f5752072c087d))
-- add exercise for option (#282) ([135e5d47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/135e5d47a7c395aece6f6022117fb20c82f2d3d4))
-- add new exercises for generics (#280) ([76be5e4e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/76be5e4e991160f5fd9093f03ee2ba260e8f7229))
-- **ci:** add buildkite config ([b049fa2c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b049fa2c84dba0f0c8906ac44e28fd45fba51a71))
-
-<a name="2.2.1"></a>
-
-### 2.2.1 (2020-02-27)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Re-add cloning the repo to install scripts ([3d9b03c5](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3d9b03c52b8dc51b140757f6fd25ad87b5782ef5))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add clippy lints (#269) ([1e2fd9c9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1e2fd9c92f8cd6e389525ca1a999fca4c90b5921))
-
-<a name="2.2.0"></a>
-
-## 2.2.0 (2020-02-25)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Update deps to version compatable with aarch64-pc-windows (#263) ([19a93428](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/19a93428b3c73d994292671f829bdc8e5b7b3401))
-- **docs:**
-  - Added a necessary step to Windows installation process (#242) ([3906efcd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3906efcd52a004047b460ed548037093de3f523f))
-  - Fixed mangled sentence from book; edited for clarity (#266) ([ade52ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ade52ffb739987287ddd5705944c8777705faed9))
-  - Updated iterators readme to account for iterators4 exercise (#273) ([bec8e3a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bec8e3a644cbd88db1c73ea5f1d8a364f4a34016))
-- **installation:** make fatal errors more obvious (#272) ([17d0951e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/17d0951e66fda8e11b204d5c4c41a0d5e22e78f7))
-- **iterators2:**
-  - Remove reference to missing iterators2.rs (#245) ([419f7797](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/419f7797f294e4ce6a2b883199731b5bde77d262))
-- **as_ref_mut:** Enable a test and improve per clippy's suggestion (#256) ([dfdf809](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dfdf8093ebbd4145864995627b812780de52f902))
-- **tests1:**
-  - Change test command ([fe10e06c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fe10e06c3733ddb4a21e90d09bf79bfe618e97ce)
-  - Correct test command in tests1.rs comment (#263) ([39fa7ae](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/39fa7ae8b70ad468da49b06f11b2383135a63bcf))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add variables5.rs exercise (#264) ([0c73609e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c73609e6f2311295e95d6f96f8c747cfc4cba03))
-- Show a completion message when watching (#253) ([d25ee55a](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d25ee55a3205882d35782e370af855051b39c58c))
-- Add type conversion and parsing exercises (#249) ([0c85dc11](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0c85dc1193978b5165491b99cc4922caf8d14a65))
-- Created consistent money unit (#258) ([fd57f8f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fd57f8f2c1da2af8ddbebbccec214e6f40f4dbab))
-- Enable test for exercise test4 (#276) ([8b971ff](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8b971ffab6079a706ac925f5917f987932b55c07))
-- Added traits exercises (#274 but specifically #216, which originally added
-  this :heart:) ([b559cdd](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b559cdd73f32c0d0cfc1feda39f82b3e3583df17))
-
-<a name="2.1.0"></a>
-
-## 2.1.0 (2019-11-27)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- add line numbers in several exercises and hints ([b565c4d3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b565c4d3e74e8e110bef201a082fa1302722a7c3))
-- **arc1:** Fix some words in the comment ([c42c3b21](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c42c3b2101df9164c8cd7bb344def921e5ba3e61))
-- **enums:** Add link to chapter on pattern syntax (#242) ([615ce327](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/615ce3279800c56d89f19d218ccb7ef576624feb))
-- **primitive_types4:**
-  - update outdated hint ([4c5189df](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4c5189df2bdd9a231f6b2611919ba5aa14da0d3f))
-  - update outdated comment ([ded2c034](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ded2c034ba93fa1e3c2c2ea16b83abc1a57265e8))
-- **strings2:** update line number in hint ([a09f684f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a09f684f05c58d239a6fc59ec5f81c2533e8b820))
-- **variables1:** Correct wrong word in comment ([fda5a470](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fda5a47069e0954f16a04e8e50945e03becb71a5))
-
-#### Features
-
-- **watch:** show hint while watching ([8143d57b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8143d57b4e88c51341dd4a18a14c536042cc009c))
-
-<a name="2.0.0"></a>
-
-## 2.0.0 (2019-11-12)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **default:** Clarify the installation procedure ([c371b853](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/c371b853afa08947ddeebec0edd074b171eeaae0))
-- **info:** Fix trailing newlines for hints ([795b6e34](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/795b6e348094a898e9227a14f6232f7bb94c8d31))
-- **run:** make `run` never prompt ([4b265465](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b26546589f7d2b50455429482cf1f386ceae8b3))
-
-#### Breaking Changes
-
-- Refactor hint system ([9bdb0a12](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9bdb0a12e45a8e9f9f6a4bd4a9c172c5376c7f60))
-- improve `watch` execution mode ([2cdd6129](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/2cdd61294f0d9a53775ee24ad76435bec8a21e60))
-- Index exercises by name ([627cdc07](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/627cdc07d07dfe6a740e885e0ddf6900e7ec336b))
-- **run:** makes `run` never prompt ([4b265465](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4b26546589f7d2b50455429482cf1f386ceae8b3))
-
-#### Features
-
-- **cli:** check for rustc before doing anything ([36a033b8](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/36a033b87a6549c1e5639c908bf7381c84f4f425))
-- **hint:** Add test for hint ([ce9fa6eb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ce9fa6ebbfdc3e7585d488d9409797285708316f))
-
-<a name="1.5.1"></a>
-
-### 1.5.1 (2019-11-11)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **errors3:** Update hint ([dcfb427b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dcfb427b09585f0193f0a294443fdf99f11c64cb), closes [#185](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/185))
-- **if1:** Remove `return` reference ([ad03d180](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ad03d180c9311c0093e56a3531eec1a9a70cdb45))
-- **strings:** Move Strings before Structs ([6dcecb38](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/6dcecb38a4435593beb87c8e12d6314143631482), closes [#204](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/204))
-- **structs1:** Remove misleading comment ([f72e5a8f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f72e5a8f05568dde04eaeac10b9a69872f21cb37))
-- **threads:** Move Threads behind SLT ([fbe91a67](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fbe91a67a482bfe64cbcdd58d06ba830a0f39da3), closes [#205](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/205))
-- **watch:** clear screen before each `verify()` ([3aff590](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3aff59085586c24196a547c2693adbdcf4432648))
-
-<a name="1.5.0"></a>
-
-## 1.5.0 (2019-11-09)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **test1:** Rewrite logic ([79a56942](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/79a569422c8309cfc9e4aed25bf4ab3b3859996b))
-- **installation:** Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
-- **iterators:** Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
-- **iterators2:** Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
-- **option1:**
-  - Fix arguments passed to assert! macro (#222) ([4c2cf6da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4c2cf6da755efe02725e05ecc3a303304c10a6da))
-  - Fix arguments passed to assert! macro ([ead4f7af](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ead4f7af9e10e53418efdde5c359159347282afd))
-  - Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
-- **primitive_types4:** Fail on a slice covering the wrong area ([5b1e673c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5b1e673cec1658afc4ebbbc800213847804facf5))
-- **readme:** http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
-- **test1:**
-  - Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
-  - renamed function name to snake case closes #180 ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add enums exercises ([dc150321](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dc15032112fc485226a573a18139e5ce928b1755))
-- Added exercise for struct update syntax ([1c4c8764](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c4c8764ed118740cd4cee73272ddc6cceb9d959))
-- **iterators2:** adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
-
-<a name="1.4.1"></a>
-
-### 1.4.1 (2019-08-13)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **iterators2:** Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
-- **option1:** Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
-- **test1:** Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
-
-<a name="1.4.0"></a>
-
-## 1.4.0 (2019-07-13)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- **installation:** Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
-- **iterators:** Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
-- **readme:** http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
-- **test1:** renamed function name to snake case ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
-- **cli:** Check if changed exercise file exists before calling verify ([ba85ca3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ba85ca32c4cfc61de46851ab89f9c58a28f33c88))
-- **structs1:** Fix the irrefutable let pattern warning ([cc6a141](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cc6a14104d7c034eadc98297eaaa972d09c50b1f))
-
-#### Features
-
-- **changelog:** Use clog for changelogs ([34e31232](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/34e31232dfddde284a341c9609b33cd27d9d5724))
-- **iterators2:** adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
-
-<a name="1.3.0"></a>
-
-### 1.3.0 (2019-06-05)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Adds a simple exercise for structures (#163, @briankung)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Add Result type signature as it is difficult for new comers to understand Generics and Error all at once. (#157, @veggiemonk)
-- Rustfmt and whitespace fixes (#161, @eddyp)
-- errorsn.rs: Separate also the hints from each other to avoid accidental viewing (#162, @eddyp)
-- fixed outdated links (#165, @gushroom)
-- Fix broken link (#164, @HanKruiger)
-- Remove highlighting and syntect (#167, @komaeda)
-
-<a name="1.2.2"></a>
-
-### 1.2.2 (2019-05-07)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Reverted `--nocapture` flag since it was causing tests to pass unconditionally
-
-<a name="1.2.1"></a>
-
-### 1.2.1 (2019-04-22)
-
-#### Bug Fixes
-
-- Fix the `--nocapture` feature (@komaeda)
-- Provide a nicer error message for when you're in the wrong directory
-
-<a name="1.2.0"></a>
-
-### 1.2.0 (2019-04-22)
-
-#### Features
-
-- Add errors to exercises that compile without user changes (@yvan-sraka)
-- Use --nocapture when testing, enabling `println!` when running (@komaeda)
-
-<a name="1.1.1"></a>
-
-### 1.1.1 (2019-04-14)
-
-#### Bug fixes
-
-- Fix permissions on exercise files (@zacanger, #133)
-- Make installation checks more thorough (@komaeda, 1b3469f236bc6979c27f6e1a04e4138a88e55de3)
-- Fix order of true/false in tests for executables (@mgeier, #137)
-- Stop run from panicking when compile fails (@cjpearce, #141)
-- Fix intermittent test failure caused by race condition (@cjpearce, #140)
-- Fix links by deleting book version (@diodfr, #142)
-- Canonicalize paths to fix path matching (@cjpearce, #143)
-
-<a name="1.1.0"></a>
-
-### 1.1.0 (2019-03-20)
-
-- errors2.rs: update link to Rust book (#124)
-- Start verification at most recently modified file (#120)
-- Watch for file creation events in watch mode (#117)
-- Add standard library types to exercises suite (#119)
-- Give a warning when Rustlings isn't run from the right directory (#123)
-- Verify that rust version is recent enough to install Rustlings (#131)
-
-<a name="1.0.1"></a>
-
-### 1.0.1 (2019-03-06)
-
-- Adds a way to install Rustlings in one command (`curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash`)
-- Makes `rustlings watch` react to create file events (@shaunbennett, #117)
-- Reworks the exercise management to use an external TOML file instead of just listing them in the code
-
-<a name="1.0.0"></a>
-
-### 1.0.0 (2019-03-06)
-
-Initial release.

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-## Contributing to Rustlings
-
-First off, thanks for taking the time to contribute!! ❤️
-
-### Quick Reference
-
-I want to...
-
-_add an exercise! ➡️ [read this](#addex) and then [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
-
-_update an outdated exercise! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
-
-_report a bug! ➡️ [open an Issue](#issues)_
-
-_fix a bug! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
-
-_implement a new feature! ➡️ [open an Issue to discuss it first, then a Pull Request](#issues)_
-
-<a name="#src"></a>
-### Working on the source code
-
-`rustlings` is basically a glorified `rustc` wrapper. Therefore the source code
-isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
-`src/main.rs` contains a simple `argh` CLI that connects to most of the other source files.
-
-<a name="addex"></a>
-### Adding an exercise
-
-The first step is to add the exercise! Name the file `exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs`, make sure to
-put in some helpful links, and link to sections of the book in `exercises/yourTopic/README.md`.
-
-Next make sure it runs with `rustlings`. The exercise metadata is stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. The order of the `exercises` array determines the order the exercises are run by `rustlings verify` and `rustlings watch`.
-
-Add the metadata for your exercise in the correct order in the `exercises` array. If you are unsure of the correct ordering, add it at the bottom and ask in your pull request. The exercise metadata should contain the following:
-```diff
-  ...
-+ [[exercises]]
-+ name = "yourTopicN"
-+ path = "exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs"
-+ mode = "compile"
-+ hint = """
-+ Some kind of useful hint for your exercise."""
-  ...
-```
-
-The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`. If you're working on a Clippy exercise, use `mode = "clippy"`.
-
-That's all! Feel free to put up a pull request.
-
-<a name="issues"></a>
-### Issues
-
-You can open an issue [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/new).
-If you're reporting a bug, please include the output of the following commands:
-
-- `rustc --version`
-- `rustlings --version`
-- `ls -la`
-- Your OS name and version
-
-<a name="prs"></a>
-### Pull Requests
-
-Opening a pull request is as easy as forking the repository and committing your
-changes. There's a couple of things to watch out for:
-
-#### Write correct commit messages
-
-We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0-beta.4/)
-specification.
-This means that you have to format your commit messages in a specific way. Say
-you're working on adding a new exercise called `foobar1.rs`. You could write
-the following commit message:
-
-```
-feat: add foobar1.rs exercise
-```
-
-If you're just fixing a bug, please use the `fix` type:
-
-```
-fix(verify): make sure verify doesn't self-destruct
-```
-
-The scope within the brackets is optional, but should be any of these:
-
-- `installation` (for the installation script)
-- `cli` (for general CLI changes)
-- `verify` (for the verification source file)
-- `watch` (for the watch functionality source)
-- `run` (for the run functionality source)
-- `EXERCISENAME` (if you're changing a specific exercise, or set of exercises,
-  substitute them here)
-
-When the commit also happens to close an existing issue, link it in the message
-body:
-
-```
-fix: update foobar
-
-closes #101029908
-```
-
-If you're doing simple changes, like updating a book link, use `chore`:
-
-```
-chore: update exercise1.rs book link
-```
-
-If you're updating documentation, use `docs`:
-
-```
-docs: add more information to Readme
-```
-
-If, and only if, you're absolutely sure you want to make a breaking change
-(please discuss this beforehand!), add an exclamation mark to the type and
-explain the breaking change in the message body:
-
-```
-fix!: completely change verification
-
-BREAKING CHANGE: This has to be done because lorem ipsum dolor
-```
-
-#### Pull Request Workflow
-
-Once you open a Pull Request, it may be reviewed or labeled (or both) until
-the maintainers accept your change. Please be patient, it may take some time
-for this to happen!

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Cargo.toml

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README-template.hbs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+<!--
+{{ autogenerated_notice }}
+-->
+
+# rustlings
+
+Small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code. Includes practice reading and
+responding to compiler messages!
+
+This repo is very much the smallest thing that could possibly work :)
+
+## To do these exercises
+
+Thanks to [btbytes'](https://twitter.com/btbytes) [prlinks](https://github.com/btbytes/prlink), you
+can now click on the links below to load the exercises in the rust playground!
+
+There are infinite correct answers-- the exercises are sometimes left very open-ended. Scroll down
+in the playground to find comments that have hints.
+
+If you need more help or would like to compare solutions, you can ask in [#rust-beginners on
+irc.mozilla.org](https://chat.mibbit.com/?server=irc.mozilla.org&channel=%23rust-beginners ), the
+[user forum](https://users.rust-lang.org/), or [the subreddit](https://reddit.com/r/rust). If an
+exercise could be improved in any way, please [create an
+issue](https://github.com/carols10cents/rustlings/issues/new) or submit a pull request!
+
+### Variable bindings
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "variables/variables1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "variables/variables2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "variables/variables3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "variables/variables4.rs" }}
+
+### Functions
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "functions/functions1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "functions/functions2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "functions/functions3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "functions/functions4.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "functions/functions5.rs" }}
+
+### Primitive types
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch03-02-data-types.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs" }}
+
+### Tests
+
+Going out of order from the book to cover tests-- many of the following exercises will ask you to
+make tests pass!
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch11-01-writing-tests.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "tests/tests1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "tests/tests2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "tests/tests3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "tests/tests4.rs" }}
+
+### If
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch03-05-control-flow.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "if/if1.rs" }}
+
+### Strings
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch08-02-strings.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "strings/strings1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "strings/strings2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "strings/strings3.rs" }}
+
+### Move semantics
+
+These exercises are adapted from [pnkfelix]()'s [Rust
+Tutorial](https://pnkfelix.github.io/rust-examples-icfp2014/) -- thank you Felix!!!
+
+Relevant chapters in the book:
+
+- [Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html)
+- [References and borrowing](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html)
+
+Note that the exercises in this section may look similar to each other but they are subtly
+different :)
+
+{{ playground_link "move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs" }}
+
+### Modules
+
+[Relevant chapter in The Rust Programming
+Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch07-01-mod-and-the-filesystem.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "modules/modules1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "modules/modules2.rs" }}
+
+### Macros
+
+Check out:
+
+- [The Macros section of the first edition of the book
+  book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/macros.html)
+- [The Macros appendix of the second edition of the
+  book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/appendix-04-macros.html)
+- [The Little Book of Rust Macros](https://danielkeep.github.io/tlborm/book/index.html)
+
+{{ playground_link "macros/macros1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "macros/macros2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "macros/macros3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "macros/macros4.rs" }}
+
+### Error Handling
+
+The [Error
+Handling](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html)
+and [Generics](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch10-01-syntax.html) sections are
+relevant.
+
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/option1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/result1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/errors1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/errors2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/errors3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "error_handling/errorsn.rs" }}
+
+### Standard library types
+
+#### `Arc`
+
+The [Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch16-03-shared-state.html) section
+is relevant.
+
+{{ playground_link "standard_library_types/arc1.rs" }}
+
+#### Iterators
+
+Do not adjust your monitors-- iterators 1 and 2 are indeed missing. Iterator 3 is a bit challenging
+so we're leaving space for some exercises to lead up to it!
+
+Check out the [Iterators chapter of the
+book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch13-02-iterators.html) and the [Iterator
+docs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html).
+
+{{ playground_link "standard_library_types/iterator3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "standard_library_types/iterators4.rs" }}
+
+### Threads
+
+See [the Dining Philosophers
+example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.4.0/book/dining-philosophers.html) and the
+[Concurrency Chapter](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch16-01-threads.html) from the
+book.
+
+{{ playground_link "threads/threads1.rs" }}
+
+### Uncategorized
+
+A few exercises based on things I've encountered or had trouble with getting used to.
+
+{{ playground_link "ex1.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "ex2.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "ex3.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "ex4.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "ex5.rs" }}
+{{ playground_link "ex6.rs" }}
+
+## To help with this repo/TODO list
+
+* File issues for problems or suggestions!
+* Contribute more exercises! Anything that took you time to get used to, or that you had trouble
+  with, or that deserves practice would be a good exercise!
+* How could the process of doing these exercises work better? This is an open-ended question :) Are
+  the playground links good enough? Are there ways that we could make going to the next exercise
+  easier without forking the playground??

error_handling/errors1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// errors1.rs
+// This function refuses to generate text to be printed on a nametag if
+// you pass it an empty string. It'd be nicer if it explained what the problem
+// was, instead of just sometimes returning `None`. The 2nd test currently
+// does not compile or pass, but it illustrates the behavior we would like
+// this function to have.
+// Scroll down for hints!!!
+
+pub fn generate_nametag_text(name: String) -> Option<String> {
+    if name.len() > 0 {
+        Some(format!("Hi! My name is {}", name))
+    } else {
+        // Empty names aren't allowed.
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // This test passes initially if you comment out the 2nd test.
+    // You'll need to update what this test expects when you change
+    // the function under test!
+    #[test]
+    fn generates_nametag_text_for_a_nonempty_name() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            generate_nametag_text("Beyoncé".into()),
+            Some("Hi! My name is Beyoncé".into())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn explains_why_generating_nametag_text_fails() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            generate_nametag_text("".into()),
+            Err("`name` was empty; it must be nonempty.".into())
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// `Err` is one of the variants of `Result`, so what the 2nd test is saying
+// is that `generate_nametag_text` should return a `Result` instead of an
+// `Option`.
+
+// To make this change, you'll need to:
+// - update the return type in the function signature to be a Result that
+//   could be the variants `Ok(String)` and `Err(String)`
+// - change the body of the function to return `Ok(stuff)` where it currently
+//   returns `Some(stuff)`
+// - change the body of the function to return `Err(error message)` where it
+//   currently returns `None`
+// - change the first test to expect `Ok(stuff)` where it currently expects
+//   `Some(stuff)`.

error_handling/errors2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// errors2.rs
+// Say we're writing a game where you can buy items with tokens. All items cost
+// 5 tokens, and whenever you purchase items there is a processing fee of 1
+// token. A player of the game will type in how many items they want to buy,
+// and the `total_cost` function will calculate the total number of tokens.
+// Since the player typed in the quantity, though, we get it as a string-- and
+// they might have typed anything, not just numbers!
+
+// Right now, this function isn't handling the error case at all (and isn't
+// handling the success case properly either). What we want to do is:
+// if we call the `parse` function on a string that is not a number, that
+// function will return a `ParseIntError`, and in that case, we want to
+// immediately return that error from our function and not try to multiply
+// and add.
+
+// There are at least two ways to implement this that are both correct-- but
+// one is a lot shorter! Scroll down for hints to both ways.
+
+use std::num::ParseIntError;
+
+pub fn total_cost(item_quantity: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
+    let processing_fee = 1;
+    let cost_per_item = 5;
+    let qty = item_quantity.parse::<i32>();
+
+    Ok(qty * cost_per_item + processing_fee)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn item_quantity_is_a_valid_number() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            total_cost("34"),
+            Ok(171)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn item_quantity_is_an_invalid_number() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            total_cost("beep boop").unwrap_err().to_string(),
+            "invalid digit found in string"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// One way to handle this is using a `match` statement on
+// `item_quantity.parse::<i32>()` where the cases are `Ok(something)` and
+// `Err(something)`. This pattern is very common in Rust, though, so there's
+// a `?` operator that does pretty much what you would make that match statement
+// do for you! Take a look at this section of the Error Handling chapter:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/second-edition/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html#a-shortcut-for-propagating-errors-the--operator
+// and give it a try!

error_handling/errors3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// errors3.rs
+// This is a program that is trying to use a completed version of the
+// `total_cost` function from the previous exercise. It's not working though--
+// we can't use the `?` operator in the `main()` function! Why not?
+// What should we do instead? Scroll for hints!
+
+use std::num::ParseIntError;
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut tokens = 100;
+    let pretend_user_input = "8";
+
+    let cost = total_cost(pretend_user_input)?;
+
+    if cost > tokens {
+        println!("You can't afford that many!");
+    } else {
+        tokens -= cost;
+        println!("You now have {} tokens.", tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn total_cost(item_quantity: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
+    let processing_fee = 1;
+    let cost_per_item = 5;
+    let qty = item_quantity.parse::<i32>()?;
+
+    Ok(qty * cost_per_item + processing_fee)
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Since the `?` operator returns an `Err` early if the thing it's trying to
+// do fails, you can only use the `?` operator in functions that have a
+// `Result` as their return type.
+
+// Hence the error that you get if you run this code is:
+
+// ```
+// error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Result` (or another type that implements `std::ops::Try`)
+// ```
+
+// So we have to use another way of handling a `Result` within `main`.
+
+// Decide what we should do if `pretend_user_input` has a string value that does
+// not parse to an integer, and implement that instead of using the `?`
+// operator.

error_handling/errorsn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// errorsn.rs
+// This is a bigger error exercise than the previous ones!
+// You can do it! :)
+//
+// Edit the `read_and_validate` function so that it compiles and
+// passes the tests... so many things could go wrong!
+//
+// - Reading from stdin could produce an io::Error
+// - Parsing the input could produce a num::ParseIntError
+// - Validating the input could produce a CreationError (defined below)
+//
+// How can we lump these errors into one general error? That is, what
+// type goes where the question marks are, and how do we return
+// that type from the body of read_and_validate?
+//
+// Scroll down for hints :)
+
+use std::error;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io;
+
+// PositiveNonzeroInteger is a struct defined below the tests.
+fn read_and_validate(b: &mut io::BufRead) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ???> {
+    let mut line = String::new();
+    b.read_line(&mut line);
+    let num: i64 = line.trim().parse();
+    let answer = PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(num);
+    answer
+}
+
+// This is a test helper function that turns a &str into a BufReader.
+fn test_with_str(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, Box<error::Error>> {
+    let mut b = io::BufReader::new(s.as_bytes());
+    read_and_validate(&mut b)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_success() {
+    let x = test_with_str("42\n");
+    assert_eq!(PositiveNonzeroInteger(42), x.unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_not_num() {
+    let x = test_with_str("eleven billion\n");
+    assert!(x.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_non_positive() {
+    let x = test_with_str("-40\n");
+    assert!(x.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_ioerror() {
+    struct Broken;
+    impl io::Read for Broken {
+        fn read(&mut self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe, "uh-oh!"))
+        }
+    }
+    let mut b = io::BufReader::new(Broken);
+    assert!(read_and_validate(&mut b).is_err());
+    assert_eq!("uh-oh!", read_and_validate(&mut b).unwrap_err().to_string());
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
+
+impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
+    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
+        if value == 0 {
+            Err(CreationError::Zero)
+        } else if value < 0 {
+            Err(CreationError::Negative)
+        } else {
+            Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(value as u64))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_positive_nonzero_integer_creation() {
+    assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Negative), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10));
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+enum CreationError {
+    Negative,
+    Zero,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for CreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str((self as &error::Error).description())
+    }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for CreationError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        match *self {
+            CreationError::Negative => "Negative",
+            CreationError::Zero => "Zero",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// First hint: To figure out what type should go where the ??? is, take a look
+// at the test helper function `test_with_str`, since it returns whatever
+// `read_and_validate` returns and`test_with_str` has its signature fully
+// specified.
+
+// Next hint: There are three places in `read_and_validate` that we call a
+// function that returns a `Result` (that is, the functions might fail).
+// Apply the `?` operator on those calls so that we return immediately from
+// `read_and_validate` if those function calls fail.
+
+// Another hint: under the hood, the `?` operator calls `From::from`
+// on the error value to convert it to a boxed trait object, a Box<error::Error>,
+// which is polymorphic-- that means that lots of different kinds of errors
+// can be returned from the same function because all errors act the same
+// since they all implement the `error::Error` trait.
+// Check out this section of the book:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/second-edition/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html#a-shortcut-for-propagating-errors-the--operator
+
+// Another another hint: Note that because the `?` operator returns
+// the *unwrapped* value in the `Ok` case, if we want to return a `Result` from
+// `read_and_validate` for *its* success case, we'll have to rewrap a value
+// that we got from the return value of a `?`ed call in an `Ok`-- this will
+// look like `Ok(something)`.
+
+// Another another another hint: `Result`s must be "used", that is, you'll
+// get a warning if you don't handle a `Result` that you get in your
+// function. Read more about that in the `std::result` module docs:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/#results-must-be-used

error_handling/option1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// option1.rs
+// This example panics because the second time it calls `pop`, the `vec`
+// is empty, so `pop` returns `None`, and `unwrap` panics if it's called
+// on `None`. Handle this in a more graceful way than calling `unwrap`!
+// Scroll down for hints :)
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut list = vec![3];
+
+    let last = list.pop().unwrap();
+    println!("The last item in the list is {:?}", last);
+
+    let second_to_last = list.pop().unwrap();
+    println!("The second-to-last item in the list is {:?}", second_to_last);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Try using a `match` statement where the arms are `Some(thing)` and `None`.
+// Or set a default value to print out if you get `None` by using the
+// function `unwrap_or`.
+// Or use an `if let` statement on the result of `pop()` to both destructure
+// a `Some` value and only print out something if we have a value!

error_handling/result1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// result1.rs
+// Make this test pass! Scroll down for hints :)
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+enum CreationError {
+    Negative,
+    Zero,
+}
+
+impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
+    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
+        Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(value as u64))
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_creation() {
+    assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Negative), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10));
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// `PositiveNonzeroInteger::new` is always creating a new instance and returning an `Ok` result.
+// It should be doing some checking, returning an `Err` result if those checks fail, and only
+// returning an `Ok` result if those checks determine that everything is... okay :)

ex1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// ex1.rs
+// Make me compile! :)
+
+fn main() {
+    println();
+}

ex2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// ex2.rs
+// Make me compile!
+
+fn something() -> String {
+    "hi!"
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("{}", something());
+}

ex3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// ex3.rs
+// Make me compile!
+
+struct Foo {
+    capacity: i32,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("{:?}", Foo { capacity: 3 });
+}

ex4.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// ex4.rs
+// Make me compile!
+
+fn something() -> Result<i32, std::num::ParseIntError> {
+    let x:i32 = "3".parse();
+    Ok(x * 4)
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    match something() {
+        Ok(..) => println!("You win!"),
+        Err(e) => println!("Oh no something went wrong: {}", e),
+    }
+}

ex5.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// ex5.rs
+// Make me compile!
+
+enum Reaction<'a> {
+    Sad(&'a str),
+    Happy(&'a str),
+}
+
+fn express(sentiment: Reaction) {
+    match sentiment {
+        Reaction::Sad(s) => println!(":( {}", s),
+        Reaction::Happy(s) => println!(":) {}", s),
+    }
+}
+
+fn main () {
+    let x = Reaction::Happy("It's a great day for Rust!");
+    express(x);
+    express(x);
+    let y = Reaction::Sad("This code doesn't compile yet.");
+    express(y);
+}

ex6.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// ex6.rs
+// Make me compile! Scroll down for hints :)
+
+fn main() {
+    let robot_name = Some(String::from("Bors"));
+
+    match robot_name {
+        Some(name) => println!("Found a name: {}", name),
+        None => (),
+    }
+
+    println!("robot_name is: {:?}", robot_name);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Hint: The following two statements are equivalent:
+// let x = &y;
+// let ref x = y;

exercises/README.md

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# Exercise to Book Chapter mapping
-
-| Exercise               | Book Chapter        |
-| ---------------------- | ------------------- |
-| variables              | §3.1                |
-| functions              | §3.3                |
-| if                     | §3.5                |
-| primitive_types        | §3.2, §4.3          |
-| vecs                   | §8.1                |
-| move_semantics         | §4.1-2              |
-| structs                | §5.1, §5.3          |
-| enums                  | §6, §18.3           |
-| strings                | §8.2                |
-| modules                | §7                  |
-| hashmaps               | §8.3                |
-| options                | §10.1               |
-| error_handling         | §9                  |
-| generics               | §10                 |
-| traits                 | §10.2               |
-| tests                  | §11.1               |
-| lifetimes              | §10.3               |
-| iterators              | §13.2-4             |
-| threads                | §16.1-3             |
-| smart_pointers         | §15, §16.3          |
-| macros                 | §19.6               |
-| clippy                 | §21.4               |
-| conversions            | n/a                 |

exercises/clippy/README.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Clippy
-
-The Clippy tool is a collection of lints to analyze your code so you can catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.
-
-If you used the installation script for Rustlings, Clippy should be already installed.
-If not you can install it manually via `rustup component add clippy`.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy).

exercises/clippy/clippy1.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// clippy1.rs
-//
-// The Clippy tool is a collection of lints to analyze your code so you can
-// catch common mistakes and improve your Rust code.
-//
-// For these exercises the code will fail to compile when there are clippy
-// warnings check clippy's suggestions from the output to solve the exercise.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint clippy1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::f32;
-
-fn main() {
-    let pi = 3.14f32;
-    let radius = 5.00f32;
-
-    let area = pi * f32::powi(radius, 2);
-
-    println!(
-        "The area of a circle with radius {:.2} is {:.5}!",
-        radius, area
-    )
-}

exercises/clippy/clippy2.rs

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// clippy2.rs
-// 
-// Execute `rustlings hint clippy2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut res = 42;
-    let option = Some(12);
-    for x in option {
-        res += x;
-    }
-    println!("{}", res);
-}

exercises/clippy/clippy3.rs

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-// clippy3.rs
-// 
-// Here's a couple more easy Clippy fixes, so you can see its utility.
-// No hints.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[allow(unused_variables, unused_assignments)]
-fn main() {
-    let my_option: Option<()> = None;
-    if my_option.is_none() {
-        my_option.unwrap();
-    }
-
-    let my_arr = &[
-        -1, -2, -3
-        -4, -5, -6
-    ];
-    println!("My array! Here it is: {:?}", my_arr);
-
-    let my_empty_vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5].resize(0, 5);
-    println!("This Vec is empty, see? {:?}", my_empty_vec);
-
-    let mut value_a = 45;
-    let mut value_b = 66;
-    // Let's swap these two!
-    value_a = value_b;
-    value_b = value_a;
-    println!("value a: {}; value b: {}", value_a, value_b);
-}

exercises/conversions/README.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# Type conversions
-
-Rust offers a multitude of ways to convert a value of a given type into another type.
-
-The simplest form of type conversion is a type cast expression. It is denoted with the binary operator `as`. For instance, `println!("{}", 1 + 1.0);` would not compile, since `1` is an integer while `1.0` is a float. However, `println!("{}", 1 as f32 + 1.0)` should compile. The exercise [`using_as`](using_as.rs) tries to cover this.
-
-Rust also offers traits that facilitate type conversions upon implementation. These traits can be found under the [`convert`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/index.html) module.
-The traits are the following:
-
-- `From` and `Into` covered in [`from_into`](from_into.rs)
-- `TryFrom` and `TryInto` covered in [`try_from_into`](try_from_into.rs)
-- `AsRef` and `AsMut` covered in [`as_ref_mut`](as_ref_mut.rs)
-
-Furthermore, the `std::str` module offers a trait called [`FromStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html) which helps with converting strings into target types via the `parse` method on strings. If properly implemented for a given type `Person`, then `let p: Person = "Mark,20".parse().unwrap()` should both compile and run without panicking.
-
-These should be the main ways ***within the standard library*** to convert data into your desired types.
-
-## Further information
-
-These are not directly covered in the book, but the standard library has a great documentation for it.
-
-- [conversions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/index.html)
-- [`FromStr` trait](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html)

exercises/conversions/as_ref_mut.rs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// as_ref_mut.rs
-//
-// AsRef and AsMut allow for cheap reference-to-reference conversions. Read more
-// about them at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html and
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsMut.html, respectively.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint as_ref_mut` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// Obtain the number of bytes (not characters) in the given argument.
-// TODO: Add the AsRef trait appropriately as a trait bound.
-fn byte_counter<T>(arg: T) -> usize {
-    arg.as_ref().as_bytes().len()
-}
-
-// Obtain the number of characters (not bytes) in the given argument.
-// TODO: Add the AsRef trait appropriately as a trait bound.
-fn char_counter<T>(arg: T) -> usize {
-    arg.as_ref().chars().count()
-}
-
-// Squares a number using as_mut().
-// TODO: Add the appropriate trait bound.
-fn num_sq<T>(arg: &mut T) {
-    // TODO: Implement the function body.
-    ???
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn different_counts() {
-        let s = "Café au lait";
-        assert_ne!(char_counter(s), byte_counter(s));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn same_counts() {
-        let s = "Cafe au lait";
-        assert_eq!(char_counter(s), byte_counter(s));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn different_counts_using_string() {
-        let s = String::from("Café au lait");
-        assert_ne!(char_counter(s.clone()), byte_counter(s));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn same_counts_using_string() {
-        let s = String::from("Cafe au lait");
-        assert_eq!(char_counter(s.clone()), byte_counter(s));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn mut_box() {
-        let mut num: Box<u32> = Box::new(3);
-        num_sq(&mut num);
-        assert_eq!(*num, 9);
-    }
-}

exercises/conversions/from_into.rs

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-// from_into.rs
-//
-// The From trait is used for value-to-value conversions. If From is implemented
-// correctly for a type, the Into trait should work conversely. You can read
-// more about it at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint from_into` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Person {
-    name: String,
-    age: usize,
-}
-
-// We implement the Default trait to use it as a fallback
-// when the provided string is not convertible into a Person object
-impl Default for Person {
-    fn default() -> Person {
-        Person {
-            name: String::from("John"),
-            age: 30,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Your task is to complete this implementation in order for the line `let p =
-// Person::from("Mark,20")` to compile Please note that you'll need to parse the
-// age component into a `usize` with something like `"4".parse::<usize>()`. The
-// outcome of this needs to be handled appropriately.
-//
-// Steps:
-// 1. If the length of the provided string is 0, then return the default of
-//    Person.
-// 2. Split the given string on the commas present in it.
-// 3. Extract the first element from the split operation and use it as the name.
-// 4. If the name is empty, then return the default of Person.
-// 5. Extract the other element from the split operation and parse it into a
-//    `usize` as the age.
-// If while parsing the age, something goes wrong, then return the default of
-// Person Otherwise, then return an instantiated Person object with the results
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-impl From<&str> for Person {
-    fn from(s: &str) -> Person {
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    // Use the `from` function
-    let p1 = Person::from("Mark,20");
-    // Since From is implemented for Person, we should be able to use Into
-    let p2: Person = "Gerald,70".into();
-    println!("{:?}", p1);
-    println!("{:?}", p2);
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_default() {
-        // Test that the default person is 30 year old John
-        let dp = Person::default();
-        assert_eq!(dp.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(dp.age, 30);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_bad_convert() {
-        // Test that John is returned when bad string is provided
-        let p = Person::from("");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_good_convert() {
-        // Test that "Mark,20" works
-        let p = Person::from("Mark,20");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "Mark");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 20);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_bad_age() {
-        // Test that "Mark,twenty" will return the default person due to an
-        // error in parsing age
-        let p = Person::from("Mark,twenty");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_comma_and_age() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from("Mark");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_age() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from("Mark,");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_name() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from(",1");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_name_and_age() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from(",");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_missing_name_and_invalid_age() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from(",one");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 30);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_trailing_comma() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from("Mike,32,");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "Mike");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 32);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_trailing_comma_and_some_string() {
-        let p: Person = Person::from("Mike,32,man");
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "Mike");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 32);
-    }
-}

exercises/conversions/from_str.rs

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-// from_str.rs
-//
-// This is similar to from_into.rs, but this time we'll implement `FromStr` and
-// return errors instead of falling back to a default value. Additionally, upon
-// implementing FromStr, you can use the `parse` method on strings to generate
-// an object of the implementor type. You can read more about it at
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint from_str` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct Person {
-    name: String,
-    age: usize,
-}
-
-// We will use this error type for the `FromStr` implementation.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-enum ParsePersonError {
-    // Empty input string
-    Empty,
-    // Incorrect number of fields
-    BadLen,
-    // Empty name field
-    NoName,
-    // Wrapped error from parse::<usize>()
-    ParseInt(ParseIntError),
-}
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// Steps:
-// 1. If the length of the provided string is 0, an error should be returned
-// 2. Split the given string on the commas present in it
-// 3. Only 2 elements should be returned from the split, otherwise return an
-//    error
-// 4. Extract the first element from the split operation and use it as the name
-// 5. Extract the other element from the split operation and parse it into a
-//    `usize` as the age with something like `"4".parse::<usize>()`
-// 6. If while extracting the name and the age something goes wrong, an error
-//    should be returned
-// If everything goes well, then return a Result of a Person object
-//
-// As an aside: `Box<dyn Error>` implements `From<&'_ str>`. This means that if
-// you want to return a string error message, you can do so via just using
-// return `Err("my error message".into())`.
-
-impl FromStr for Person {
-    type Err = ParsePersonError;
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Person, Self::Err> {
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let p = "Mark,20".parse::<Person>().unwrap();
-    println!("{:?}", p);
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn empty_input() {
-        assert_eq!("".parse::<Person>(), Err(ParsePersonError::Empty));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn good_input() {
-        let p = "John,32".parse::<Person>();
-        assert!(p.is_ok());
-        let p = p.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(p.name, "John");
-        assert_eq!(p.age, 32);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn missing_age() {
-        assert!(matches!(
-            "John,".parse::<Person>(),
-            Err(ParsePersonError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn invalid_age() {
-        assert!(matches!(
-            "John,twenty".parse::<Person>(),
-            Err(ParsePersonError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn missing_comma_and_age() {
-        assert_eq!("John".parse::<Person>(), Err(ParsePersonError::BadLen));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn missing_name() {
-        assert_eq!(",1".parse::<Person>(), Err(ParsePersonError::NoName));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn missing_name_and_age() {
-        assert!(matches!(
-            ",".parse::<Person>(),
-            Err(ParsePersonError::NoName | ParsePersonError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn missing_name_and_invalid_age() {
-        assert!(matches!(
-            ",one".parse::<Person>(),
-            Err(ParsePersonError::NoName | ParsePersonError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn trailing_comma() {
-        assert_eq!("John,32,".parse::<Person>(), Err(ParsePersonError::BadLen));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn trailing_comma_and_some_string() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            "John,32,man".parse::<Person>(),
-            Err(ParsePersonError::BadLen)
-        );
-    }
-}

exercises/conversions/try_from_into.rs

@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-// try_from_into.rs
-//
-// TryFrom is a simple and safe type conversion that may fail in a controlled
-// way under some circumstances. Basically, this is the same as From. The main
-// difference is that this should return a Result type instead of the target
-// type itself. You can read more about it at
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint try_from_into` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for
-// a hint.
-
-use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct Color {
-    red: u8,
-    green: u8,
-    blue: u8,
-}
-
-// We will use this error type for these `TryFrom` conversions.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-enum IntoColorError {
-    // Incorrect length of slice
-    BadLen,
-    // Integer conversion error
-    IntConversion,
-}
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// Your task is to complete this implementation and return an Ok result of inner
-// type Color. You need to create an implementation for a tuple of three
-// integers, an array of three integers, and a slice of integers.
-//
-// Note that the implementation for tuple and array will be checked at compile
-// time, but the slice implementation needs to check the slice length! Also note
-// that correct RGB color values must be integers in the 0..=255 range.
-
-// Tuple implementation
-impl TryFrom<(i16, i16, i16)> for Color {
-    type Error = IntoColorError;
-    fn try_from(tuple: (i16, i16, i16)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-    }
-}
-
-// Array implementation
-impl TryFrom<[i16; 3]> for Color {
-    type Error = IntoColorError;
-    fn try_from(arr: [i16; 3]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-    }
-}
-
-// Slice implementation
-impl TryFrom<&[i16]> for Color {
-    type Error = IntoColorError;
-    fn try_from(slice: &[i16]) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    // Use the `try_from` function
-    let c1 = Color::try_from((183, 65, 14));
-    println!("{:?}", c1);
-
-    // Since TryFrom is implemented for Color, we should be able to use TryInto
-    let c2: Result<Color, _> = [183, 65, 14].try_into();
-    println!("{:?}", c2);
-
-    let v = vec![183, 65, 14];
-    // With slice we should use `try_from` function
-    let c3 = Color::try_from(&v[..]);
-    println!("{:?}", c3);
-    // or take slice within round brackets and use TryInto
-    let c4: Result<Color, _> = (&v[..]).try_into();
-    println!("{:?}", c4);
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tuple_out_of_range_positive() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from((256, 1000, 10000)),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tuple_out_of_range_negative() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from((-1, -10, -256)),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tuple_sum() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from((-1, 255, 255)),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_tuple_correct() {
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = (183, 65, 14).try_into();
-        assert!(c.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(
-            c.unwrap(),
-            Color {
-                red: 183,
-                green: 65,
-                blue: 14
-            }
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_out_of_range_positive() {
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = [1000, 10000, 256].try_into();
-        assert_eq!(c, Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_out_of_range_negative() {
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = [-10, -256, -1].try_into();
-        assert_eq!(c, Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_sum() {
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = [-1, 255, 255].try_into();
-        assert_eq!(c, Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_array_correct() {
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = [183, 65, 14].try_into();
-        assert!(c.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(
-            c.unwrap(),
-            Color {
-                red: 183,
-                green: 65,
-                blue: 14
-            }
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_out_of_range_positive() {
-        let arr = [10000, 256, 1000];
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from(&arr[..]),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_out_of_range_negative() {
-        let arr = [-256, -1, -10];
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from(&arr[..]),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_sum() {
-        let arr = [-1, 255, 255];
-        assert_eq!(
-            Color::try_from(&arr[..]),
-            Err(IntoColorError::IntConversion)
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_correct() {
-        let v = vec![183, 65, 14];
-        let c: Result<Color, _> = Color::try_from(&v[..]);
-        assert!(c.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(
-            c.unwrap(),
-            Color {
-                red: 183,
-                green: 65,
-                blue: 14
-            }
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_excess_length() {
-        let v = vec![0, 0, 0, 0];
-        assert_eq!(Color::try_from(&v[..]), Err(IntoColorError::BadLen));
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_slice_insufficient_length() {
-        let v = vec![0, 0];
-        assert_eq!(Color::try_from(&v[..]), Err(IntoColorError::BadLen));
-    }
-}

exercises/conversions/using_as.rs

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// using_as.rs
-//
-// Type casting in Rust is done via the usage of the `as` operator. Please note
-// that the `as` operator is not only used when type casting. It also helps with
-// renaming imports.
-//
-// The goal is to make sure that the division does not fail to compile and
-// returns the proper type.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint using_as` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn average(values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
-    let total = values.iter().sum::<f64>();
-    total / values.len()
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let values = [3.5, 0.3, 13.0, 11.7];
-    println!("{}", average(&values));
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn returns_proper_type_and_value() {
-        assert_eq!(average(&[3.5, 0.3, 13.0, 11.7]), 7.125);
-    }
-}

exercises/enums/README.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Enums
-
-Rust allows you to define types called "enums" which enumerate possible values.
-Enums are a feature in many languages, but their capabilities differ in each language. Rust’s enums are most similar to algebraic data types in functional languages, such as F#, OCaml, and Haskell.
-Useful in combination with enums is Rust's "pattern matching" facility, which makes it easy to run different code for different values of an enumeration.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Enums](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch06-00-enums.html)
-- [Pattern syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch18-03-pattern-syntax.html)

exercises/enums/enums1.rs

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// enums1.rs
-//
-// No hints this time! ;)
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum Message {
-    // TODO: define a few types of messages as used below
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    println!("{:?}", Message::Quit);
-    println!("{:?}", Message::Echo);
-    println!("{:?}", Message::Move);
-    println!("{:?}", Message::ChangeColor);
-}

exercises/enums/enums2.rs

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-// enums2.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint enums2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum Message {
-    // TODO: define the different variants used below
-}
-
-impl Message {
-    fn call(&self) {
-        println!("{:?}", self);
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let messages = [
-        Message::Move { x: 10, y: 30 },
-        Message::Echo(String::from("hello world")),
-        Message::ChangeColor(200, 255, 255),
-        Message::Quit,
-    ];
-
-    for message in &messages {
-        message.call();
-    }
-}

exercises/enums/enums3.rs

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-// enums3.rs
-//
-// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint enums3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-enum Message {
-    // TODO: implement the message variant types based on their usage below
-}
-
-struct Point {
-    x: u8,
-    y: u8,
-}
-
-struct State {
-    color: (u8, u8, u8),
-    position: Point,
-    quit: bool,
-    message: String,
-}
-
-impl State {
-    fn change_color(&mut self, color: (u8, u8, u8)) {
-        self.color = color;
-    }
-
-    fn quit(&mut self) {
-        self.quit = true;
-    }
-
-    fn echo(&mut self, s: String) {
-        self.message = s
-    }
-
-    fn move_position(&mut self, p: Point) {
-        self.position = p;
-    }
-
-    fn process(&mut self, message: Message) {
-        // TODO: create a match expression to process the different message variants
-        // Remember: When passing a tuple as a function argument, you'll need extra parentheses:
-        // fn function((t, u, p, l, e))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_match_message_call() {
-        let mut state = State {
-            quit: false,
-            position: Point { x: 0, y: 0 },
-            color: (0, 0, 0),
-            message: "hello world".to_string(),
-        };
-        state.process(Message::ChangeColor(255, 0, 255));
-        state.process(Message::Echo(String::from("Hello world!")));
-        state.process(Message::Move(Point { x: 10, y: 15 }));
-        state.process(Message::Quit);
-
-        assert_eq!(state.color, (255, 0, 255));
-        assert_eq!(state.position.x, 10);
-        assert_eq!(state.position.y, 15);
-        assert_eq!(state.quit, true);
-        assert_eq!(state.message, "Hello world!");
-    }
-}

exercises/error_handling/README.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Error handling
-
-Most errors aren’t serious enough to require the program to stop entirely.
-Sometimes, when a function fails, it’s for a reason that you can easily interpret and respond to.
-For example, if you try to open a file and that operation fails because the file doesn’t exist, you might want to create the file instead of terminating the process.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Error Handling](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html)
-- [Generics](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-01-syntax.html)
-- [Result](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/error/result.html)
-- [Boxing errors](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/error/multiple_error_types/boxing_errors.html)

exercises/error_handling/errors1.rs

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// errors1.rs
-//
-// This function refuses to generate text to be printed on a nametag if you pass
-// it an empty string. It'd be nicer if it explained what the problem was,
-// instead of just sometimes returning `None`. Thankfully, Rust has a similar
-// construct to `Option` that can be used to express error conditions. Let's use
-// it!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-pub fn generate_nametag_text(name: String) -> Option<String> {
-    if name.is_empty() {
-        // Empty names aren't allowed.
-        None
-    } else {
-        Some(format!("Hi! My name is {}", name))
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn generates_nametag_text_for_a_nonempty_name() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            generate_nametag_text("Beyoncé".into()),
-            Ok("Hi! My name is Beyoncé".into())
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn explains_why_generating_nametag_text_fails() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            generate_nametag_text("".into()),
-            // Don't change this line
-            Err("`name` was empty; it must be nonempty.".into())
-        );
-    }
-}

exercises/error_handling/errors2.rs

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// errors2.rs
-//
-// Say we're writing a game where you can buy items with tokens. All items cost
-// 5 tokens, and whenever you purchase items there is a processing fee of 1
-// token. A player of the game will type in how many items they want to buy, and
-// the `total_cost` function will calculate the total cost of the tokens. Since
-// the player typed in the quantity, though, we get it as a string-- and they
-// might have typed anything, not just numbers!
-//
-// Right now, this function isn't handling the error case at all (and isn't
-// handling the success case properly either). What we want to do is: if we call
-// the `total_cost` function on a string that is not a number, that function
-// will return a `ParseIntError`, and in that case, we want to immediately
-// return that error from our function and not try to multiply and add.
-//
-// There are at least two ways to implement this that are both correct-- but one
-// is a lot shorter!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-
-pub fn total_cost(item_quantity: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
-    let processing_fee = 1;
-    let cost_per_item = 5;
-    let qty = item_quantity.parse::<i32>();
-
-    Ok(qty * cost_per_item + processing_fee)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn item_quantity_is_a_valid_number() {
-        assert_eq!(total_cost("34"), Ok(171));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn item_quantity_is_an_invalid_number() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            total_cost("beep boop").unwrap_err().to_string(),
-            "invalid digit found in string"
-        );
-    }
-}

exercises/error_handling/errors3.rs

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// errors3.rs
-//
-// This is a program that is trying to use a completed version of the
-// `total_cost` function from the previous exercise. It's not working though!
-// Why not? What should we do to fix it?
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut tokens = 100;
-    let pretend_user_input = "8";
-
-    let cost = total_cost(pretend_user_input)?;
-
-    if cost > tokens {
-        println!("You can't afford that many!");
-    } else {
-        tokens -= cost;
-        println!("You now have {} tokens.", tokens);
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn total_cost(item_quantity: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
-    let processing_fee = 1;
-    let cost_per_item = 5;
-    let qty = item_quantity.parse::<i32>()?;
-
-    Ok(qty * cost_per_item + processing_fee)
-}

exercises/error_handling/errors4.rs

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-// errors4.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum CreationError {
-    Negative,
-    Zero,
-}
-
-impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
-    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
-        // Hmm... Why is this always returning an Ok value?
-        Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(value as u64))
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_creation() {
-    assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(
-        Err(CreationError::Negative),
-        PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10)
-    );
-    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
-}

exercises/error_handling/errors5.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-// errors5.rs
-//
-// This program uses an altered version of the code from errors4.
-//
-// This exercise uses some concepts that we won't get to until later in the
-// course, like `Box` and the `From` trait. It's not important to understand
-// them in detail right now, but you can read ahead if you like. For now, think
-// of the `Box<dyn ???>` type as an "I want anything that does ???" type, which,
-// given Rust's usual standards for runtime safety, should strike you as
-// somewhat lenient!
-//
-// In short, this particular use case for boxes is for when you want to own a
-// value and you care only that it is a type which implements a particular
-// trait. To do so, The Box is declared as of type Box<dyn Trait> where Trait is
-// the trait the compiler looks for on any value used in that context. For this
-// exercise, that context is the potential errors which can be returned in a
-// Result.
-//
-// What can we use to describe both errors? In other words, is there a trait
-// which both errors implement?
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::error;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-
-// TODO: update the return type of `main()` to make this compile.
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn ???>> {
-    let pretend_user_input = "42";
-    let x: i64 = pretend_user_input.parse()?;
-    println!("output={:?}", PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(x)?);
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-// Don't change anything below this line.
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum CreationError {
-    Negative,
-    Zero,
-}
-
-impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
-    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
-        match value {
-            x if x < 0 => Err(CreationError::Negative),
-            x if x == 0 => Err(CreationError::Zero),
-            x => Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(x as u64)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// This is required so that `CreationError` can implement `error::Error`.
-impl fmt::Display for CreationError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        let description = match *self {
-            CreationError::Negative => "number is negative",
-            CreationError::Zero => "number is zero",
-        };
-        f.write_str(description)
-    }
-}
-
-impl error::Error for CreationError {}

exercises/error_handling/errors6.rs

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-// errors6.rs
-//
-// Using catch-all error types like `Box<dyn error::Error>` isn't recommended
-// for library code, where callers might want to make decisions based on the
-// error content, instead of printing it out or propagating it further. Here, we
-// define a custom error type to make it possible for callers to decide what to
-// do next when our function returns an error.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-
-// This is a custom error type that we will be using in `parse_pos_nonzero()`.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum ParsePosNonzeroError {
-    Creation(CreationError),
-    ParseInt(ParseIntError),
-}
-
-impl ParsePosNonzeroError {
-    fn from_creation(err: CreationError) -> ParsePosNonzeroError {
-        ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(err)
-    }
-    // TODO: add another error conversion function here.
-    // fn from_parseint...
-}
-
-fn parse_pos_nonzero(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ParsePosNonzeroError> {
-    // TODO: change this to return an appropriate error instead of panicking
-    // when `parse()` returns an error.
-    let x: i64 = s.parse().unwrap();
-    PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(x).map_err(ParsePosNonzeroError::from_creation)
-}
-
-// Don't change anything below this line.
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum CreationError {
-    Negative,
-    Zero,
-}
-
-impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
-    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
-        match value {
-            x if x < 0 => Err(CreationError::Negative),
-            x if x == 0 => Err(CreationError::Zero),
-            x => Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(x as u64)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_error() {
-        // We can't construct a ParseIntError, so we have to pattern match.
-        assert!(matches!(
-            parse_pos_nonzero("not a number"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_negative() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            parse_pos_nonzero("-555"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(CreationError::Negative))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_zero() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            parse_pos_nonzero("0"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(CreationError::Zero))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_positive() {
-        let x = PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(42);
-        assert!(x.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(parse_pos_nonzero("42"), Ok(x.unwrap()));
-    }
-}

exercises/functions/README.md

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Functions
-
-Here, you'll learn how to write functions and how the Rust compiler can help you debug errors even
-in more complex code.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [How Functions Work](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html)

exercises/functions/functions1.rs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// functions1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint functions1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    call_me();
-}

exercises/functions/functions2.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// functions2.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint functions2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    call_me(3);
-}
-
-fn call_me(num:) {
-    for i in 0..num {
-        println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
-    }
-}

exercises/functions/functions3.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// functions3.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint functions3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    call_me();
-}
-
-fn call_me(num: u32) {
-    for i in 0..num {
-        println!("Ring! Call number {}", i + 1);
-    }
-}

exercises/functions/functions4.rs

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// functions4.rs
-//
-// This store is having a sale where if the price is an even number, you get 10
-// Rustbucks off, but if it's an odd number, it's 3 Rustbucks off. (Don't worry
-// about the function bodies themselves, we're only interested in the signatures
-// for now. If anything, this is a good way to peek ahead to future exercises!)
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint functions4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    let original_price = 51;
-    println!("Your sale price is {}", sale_price(original_price));
-}
-
-fn sale_price(price: i32) -> {
-    if is_even(price) {
-        price - 10
-    } else {
-        price - 3
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_even(num: i32) -> bool {
-    num % 2 == 0
-}

exercises/functions/functions5.rs

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// functions5.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint functions5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    let answer = square(3);
-    println!("The square of 3 is {}", answer);
-}
-
-fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {
-    num * num;
-}

exercises/generics/README.md

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Generics
-
-Generics is the topic of generalizing types and functionalities to broader cases.
-This is extremely useful for reducing code duplication in many ways, but can call for rather involving syntax.
-Namely, being generic requires taking great care to specify over which types a generic type is actually considered valid.
-The simplest and most common use of generics is for type parameters.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Generic Data Types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html)
-- [Bounds](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/generics/bounds.html)

exercises/generics/generics1.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-// generics1.rs
-//
-// This shopping list program isn't compiling! Use your knowledge of generics to
-// fix it.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint generics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut shopping_list: Vec<?> = Vec::new();
-    shopping_list.push("milk");
-}

exercises/generics/generics2.rs

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// generics2.rs
-//
-// This powerful wrapper provides the ability to store a positive integer value.
-// Rewrite it using generics so that it supports wrapping ANY type.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint generics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-struct Wrapper {
-    value: u32,
-}
-
-impl Wrapper {
-    pub fn new(value: u32) -> Self {
-        Wrapper { value }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn store_u32_in_wrapper() {
-        assert_eq!(Wrapper::new(42).value, 42);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn store_str_in_wrapper() {
-        assert_eq!(Wrapper::new("Foo").value, "Foo");
-    }
-}

exercises/hashmaps/README.md

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Hashmaps
-
-A *hash map* allows you to associate a value with a particular key.
-You may also know this by the names [*unordered map* in C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map),
-[*dictionary* in Python](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) or an *associative array* in other languages.
-
-This is the other data structure that we've been talking about before, when
-talking about Vecs.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Storing Keys with Associated Values in Hash Maps](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html)

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-// hashmaps1.rs
-//
-// A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map needs to be defined. The key
-// represents the name of the fruit and the value represents how many of that
-// particular fruit is in the basket. You have to put at least three different
-// types of fruits (e.g apple, banana, mango) in the basket and the total count
-// of all the fruits should be at least five.
-//
-// Make me compile and pass the tests!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-fn fruit_basket() -> HashMap<String, u32> {
-    let mut basket = // TODO: declare your hash map here.
-
-    // Two bananas are already given for you :)
-    basket.insert(String::from("banana"), 2);
-
-    // TODO: Put more fruits in your basket here.
-
-    basket
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn at_least_three_types_of_fruits() {
-        let basket = fruit_basket();
-        assert!(basket.len() >= 3);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn at_least_five_fruits() {
-        let basket = fruit_basket();
-        assert!(basket.values().sum::<u32>() >= 5);
-    }
-}

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-// hashmaps2.rs
-//
-// We're collecting different fruits to bake a delicious fruit cake. For this,
-// we have a basket, which we'll represent in the form of a hash map. The key
-// represents the name of each fruit we collect and the value represents how
-// many of that particular fruit we have collected. Three types of fruits -
-// Apple (4), Mango (2) and Lychee (5) are already in the basket hash map. You
-// must add fruit to the basket so that there is at least one of each kind and
-// more than 11 in total - we have a lot of mouths to feed. You are not allowed
-// to insert any more of these fruits!
-//
-// Make me pass the tests!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum Fruit {
-    Apple,
-    Banana,
-    Mango,
-    Lychee,
-    Pineapple,
-}
-
-fn fruit_basket(basket: &mut HashMap<Fruit, u32>) {
-    let fruit_kinds = vec![
-        Fruit::Apple,
-        Fruit::Banana,
-        Fruit::Mango,
-        Fruit::Lychee,
-        Fruit::Pineapple,
-    ];
-
-    for fruit in fruit_kinds {
-        // TODO: Insert new fruits if they are not already present in the
-        // basket. Note that you are not allowed to put any type of fruit that's
-        // already present!
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    // Don't modify this function!
-    fn get_fruit_basket() -> HashMap<Fruit, u32> {
-        let mut basket = HashMap::<Fruit, u32>::new();
-        basket.insert(Fruit::Apple, 4);
-        basket.insert(Fruit::Mango, 2);
-        basket.insert(Fruit::Lychee, 5);
-
-        basket
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_given_fruits_are_not_modified() {
-        let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
-        fruit_basket(&mut basket);
-        assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Apple).unwrap(), 4);
-        assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Mango).unwrap(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(*basket.get(&Fruit::Lychee).unwrap(), 5);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn at_least_five_types_of_fruits() {
-        let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
-        fruit_basket(&mut basket);
-        let count_fruit_kinds = basket.len();
-        assert!(count_fruit_kinds >= 5);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn greater_than_eleven_fruits() {
-        let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
-        fruit_basket(&mut basket);
-        let count = basket.values().sum::<u32>();
-        assert!(count > 11);
-    }
-    
-    #[test]
-    fn all_fruit_types_in_basket() {
-        let mut basket = get_fruit_basket();
-        fruit_basket(&mut basket);
-        for amount in basket.values() {
-            assert_ne!(amount, &0);
-        }
-    }
-}

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs

@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-// hashmaps3.rs
-//
-// A list of scores (one per line) of a soccer match is given. Each line is of
-// the form : "<team_1_name>,<team_2_name>,<team_1_goals>,<team_2_goals>"
-// Example: England,France,4,2 (England scored 4 goals, France 2).
-//
-// You have to build a scores table containing the name of the team, goals the
-// team scored, and goals the team conceded. One approach to build the scores
-// table is to use a Hashmap. The solution is partially written to use a
-// Hashmap, complete it to pass the test.
-//
-// Make me pass the tests!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-// A structure to store the goal details of a team.
-struct Team {
-    goals_scored: u8,
-    goals_conceded: u8,
-}
-
-fn build_scores_table(results: String) -> HashMap<String, Team> {
-    // The name of the team is the key and its associated struct is the value.
-    let mut scores: HashMap<String, Team> = HashMap::new();
-
-    for r in results.lines() {
-        let v: Vec<&str> = r.split(',').collect();
-        let team_1_name = v[0].to_string();
-        let team_1_score: u8 = v[2].parse().unwrap();
-        let team_2_name = v[1].to_string();
-        let team_2_score: u8 = v[3].parse().unwrap();
-        // TODO: Populate the scores table with details extracted from the
-        // current line. Keep in mind that goals scored by team_1
-        // will be the number of goals conceded from team_2, and similarly
-        // goals scored by team_2 will be the number of goals conceded by
-        // team_1.
-    }
-    scores
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    fn get_results() -> String {
-        let results = "".to_string()
-            + "England,France,4,2\n"
-            + "France,Italy,3,1\n"
-            + "Poland,Spain,2,0\n"
-            + "Germany,England,2,1\n";
-        results
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn build_scores() {
-        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
-
-        let mut keys: Vec<&String> = scores.keys().collect();
-        keys.sort();
-        assert_eq!(
-            keys,
-            vec!["England", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Spain"]
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate_team_score_1() {
-        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
-        let team = scores.get("England").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 5);
-        assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 4);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn validate_team_score_2() {
-        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
-        let team = scores.get("Spain").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 0);
-        assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 2);
-    }
-}

exercises/if/README.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# If
-
-`if`, the most basic (but still surprisingly versatile!) type of control flow, is what you'll learn here.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Control Flow - if expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)

exercises/if/if1.rs

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// if1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint if1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
-    // Complete this function to return the bigger number!
-    // Do not use:
-    // - another function call
-    // - additional variables
-}
-
-// Don't mind this for now :)
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn ten_is_bigger_than_eight() {
-        assert_eq!(10, bigger(10, 8));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn fortytwo_is_bigger_than_thirtytwo() {
-        assert_eq!(42, bigger(32, 42));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn equal_numbers() {
-        assert_eq!(42, bigger(42, 42));
-    }
-}

exercises/if/if2.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-// if2.rs
-//
-// Step 1: Make me compile!
-// Step 2: Get the bar_for_fuzz and default_to_baz tests passing!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint if2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-pub fn foo_if_fizz(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
-    if fizzish == "fizz" {
-        "foo"
-    } else {
-        1
-    }
-}
-
-// No test changes needed!
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn foo_for_fizz() {
-        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fizz"), "foo")
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn bar_for_fuzz() {
-        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fuzz"), "bar")
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn default_to_baz() {
-        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("literally anything"), "baz")
-    }
-}

exercises/if/if3.rs

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-// if3.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint if3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-pub fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &'static str {
-    let identifier = if animal == "crab" {
-        1
-    } else if animal == "gopher" {
-        2.0
-    } else if animal == "snake" {
-        3
-    } else {
-        "Unknown"
-    };
-
-    // DO NOT CHANGE THIS STATEMENT BELOW
-    let habitat = if identifier == 1 {
-        "Beach"
-    } else if identifier == 2 {
-        "Burrow"
-    } else if identifier == 3 {
-        "Desert"
-    } else {
-        "Unknown"
-    };
-
-    habitat
-}
-
-// No test changes needed.
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn gopher_lives_in_burrow() {
-        assert_eq!(animal_habitat("gopher"), "Burrow")
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn snake_lives_in_desert() {
-        assert_eq!(animal_habitat("snake"), "Desert")
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn crab_lives_on_beach() {
-        assert_eq!(animal_habitat("crab"), "Beach")
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn unknown_animal() {
-        assert_eq!(animal_habitat("dinosaur"), "Unknown")
-    }
-}

exercises/intro/README.md

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Intro
-
-Rust uses the `print!` and `println!` macros to print text to the console.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Hello World](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello.html)
-- [Formatted print](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print.html)

exercises/intro/intro1.rs

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-// intro1.rs
-//
-// About this `I AM NOT DONE` thing:
-// We sometimes encourage you to keep trying things on a given exercise, even
-// after you already figured it out. If you got everything working and feel
-// ready for the next exercise, remove the `I AM NOT DONE` comment below.
-//
-// If you're running this using `rustlings watch`: The exercise file will be
-// reloaded when you change one of the lines below! Try adding a `println!`
-// line, or try changing what it outputs in your terminal. Try removing a
-// semicolon and see what happens!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint intro1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    println!("Hello and");
-    println!(r#"       welcome to...                      "#);
-    println!(r#"                 _   _ _                  "#);
-    println!(r#"  _ __ _   _ ___| |_| (_)_ __   __ _ ___  "#);
-    println!(r#" | '__| | | / __| __| | | '_ \ / _` / __| "#);
-    println!(r#" | |  | |_| \__ \ |_| | | | | | (_| \__ \ "#);
-    println!(r#" |_|   \__,_|___/\__|_|_|_| |_|\__, |___/ "#);
-    println!(r#"                               |___/      "#);
-    println!();
-    println!("This exercise compiles successfully. The remaining exercises contain a compiler");
-    println!("or logic error. The central concept behind Rustlings is to fix these errors and");
-    println!("solve the exercises. Good luck!");
-    println!();
-    println!("The source for this exercise is in `exercises/intro/intro1.rs`. Have a look!");
-    println!(
-        "Going forward, the source of the exercises will always be in the success/failure output."
-    );
-    println!();
-    println!(
-        "If you want to use rust-analyzer, Rust's LSP implementation, make sure your editor is set"
-    );
-    println!("up, and then run `rustlings lsp` before continuing.")
-}

exercises/intro/intro2.rs

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-// intro2.rs
-//
-// Make the code print a greeting to the world.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint intro2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    println!("Hello {}!");
-}

exercises/iterators/README.md

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Iterators
-
-This section will teach you about Iterators.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Iterator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-02-iterators.html)
-- [Iterator documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/)

exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// iterators1.rs
-//
-// When performing operations on elements within a collection, iterators are
-// essential. This module helps you get familiar with the structure of using an
-// iterator and how to go through elements within an iterable collection.
-//
-// Make me compile by filling in the `???`s
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let my_fav_fruits = vec!["banana", "custard apple", "avocado", "peach", "raspberry"];
-
-    let mut my_iterable_fav_fruits = ???;   // TODO: Step 1
-
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"banana"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 2
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"avocado"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 3
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"raspberry"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 4
-}

exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-// iterators2.rs
-//
-// In this exercise, you'll learn some of the unique advantages that iterators
-// can offer. Follow the steps to complete the exercise.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// Step 1.
-// Complete the `capitalize_first` function.
-// "hello" -> "Hello"
-pub fn capitalize_first(input: &str) -> String {
-    let mut c = input.chars();
-    match c.next() {
-        None => String::new(),
-        Some(first) => ???,
-    }
-}
-
-// Step 2.
-// Apply the `capitalize_first` function to a slice of string slices.
-// Return a vector of strings.
-// ["hello", "world"] -> ["Hello", "World"]
-pub fn capitalize_words_vector(words: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
-    vec![]
-}
-
-// Step 3.
-// Apply the `capitalize_first` function again to a slice of string slices.
-// Return a single string.
-// ["hello", " ", "world"] -> "Hello World"
-pub fn capitalize_words_string(words: &[&str]) -> String {
-    String::new()
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_success() {
-        assert_eq!(capitalize_first("hello"), "Hello");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_empty() {
-        assert_eq!(capitalize_first(""), "");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_iterate_string_vec() {
-        let words = vec!["hello", "world"];
-        assert_eq!(capitalize_words_vector(&words), ["Hello", "World"]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_iterate_into_string() {
-        let words = vec!["hello", " ", "world"];
-        assert_eq!(capitalize_words_string(&words), "Hello World");
-    }
-}

exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// iterators3.rs
-//
-// This is a bigger exercise than most of the others! You can do it! Here is
-// your mission, should you choose to accept it:
-// 1. Complete the divide function to get the first four tests to pass.
-// 2. Get the remaining tests to pass by completing the result_with_list and
-//    list_of_results functions.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum DivisionError {
-    NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError),
-    DivideByZero,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct NotDivisibleError {
-    dividend: i32,
-    divisor: i32,
-}
-
-// Calculate `a` divided by `b` if `a` is evenly divisible by `b`.
-// Otherwise, return a suitable error.
-pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {
-    todo!();
-}
-
-// Complete the function and return a value of the correct type so the test
-// passes.
-// Desired output: Ok([1, 11, 1426, 3])
-fn result_with_list() -> () {
-    let numbers = vec![27, 297, 38502, 81];
-    let division_results = numbers.into_iter().map(|n| divide(n, 27));
-}
-
-// Complete the function and return a value of the correct type so the test
-// passes.
-// Desired output: [Ok(1), Ok(11), Ok(1426), Ok(3)]
-fn list_of_results() -> () {
-    let numbers = vec![27, 297, 38502, 81];
-    let division_results = numbers.into_iter().map(|n| divide(n, 27));
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_success() {
-        assert_eq!(divide(81, 9), Ok(9));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_not_divisible() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            divide(81, 6),
-            Err(DivisionError::NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError {
-                dividend: 81,
-                divisor: 6
-            }))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_divide_by_0() {
-        assert_eq!(divide(81, 0), Err(DivisionError::DivideByZero));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_divide_0_by_something() {
-        assert_eq!(divide(0, 81), Ok(0));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_result_with_list() {
-        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", result_with_list()), "Ok([1, 11, 1426, 3])");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_list_of_results() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            format!("{:?}", list_of_results()),
-            "[Ok(1), Ok(11), Ok(1426), Ok(3)]"
-        );
-    }
-}

exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-// iterators5.rs
-//
-// Let's define a simple model to track Rustlings exercise progress. Progress
-// will be modelled using a hash map. The name of the exercise is the key and
-// the progress is the value. Two counting functions were created to count the
-// number of exercises with a given progress. Recreate this counting
-// functionality using iterators. Try not to use imperative loops (for, while).
-// Only the two iterator methods (count_iterator and count_collection_iterator)
-// need to be modified.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum Progress {
-    None,
-    Some,
-    Complete,
-}
-
-fn count_for(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
-    let mut count = 0;
-    for val in map.values() {
-        if val == &value {
-            count += 1;
-        }
-    }
-    count
-}
-
-fn count_iterator(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
-    // map is a hashmap with String keys and Progress values.
-    // map = { "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... }
-    todo!();
-}
-
-fn count_collection_for(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Progress) -> usize {
-    let mut count = 0;
-    for map in collection {
-        for val in map.values() {
-            if val == &value {
-                count += 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    count
-}
-
-fn count_collection_iterator(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Progress) -> usize {
-    // collection is a slice of hashmaps.
-    // collection = [{ "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... },
-    //     { "variables2": Complete, ... }, ... ]
-    todo!();
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_complete() {
-        let map = get_map();
-        assert_eq!(3, count_iterator(&map, Progress::Complete));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_some() {
-        let map = get_map();
-        assert_eq!(1, count_iterator(&map, Progress::Some));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_none() {
-        let map = get_map();
-        assert_eq!(2, count_iterator(&map, Progress::None));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_complete_equals_for() {
-        let map = get_map();
-        let progress_states = vec![Progress::Complete, Progress::Some, Progress::None];
-        for progress_state in progress_states {
-            assert_eq!(
-                count_for(&map, progress_state),
-                count_iterator(&map, progress_state)
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_collection_complete() {
-        let collection = get_vec_map();
-        assert_eq!(
-            6,
-            count_collection_iterator(&collection, Progress::Complete)
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_collection_some() {
-        let collection = get_vec_map();
-        assert_eq!(1, count_collection_iterator(&collection, Progress::Some));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_collection_none() {
-        let collection = get_vec_map();
-        assert_eq!(4, count_collection_iterator(&collection, Progress::None));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn count_collection_equals_for() {
-        let progress_states = vec![Progress::Complete, Progress::Some, Progress::None];
-        let collection = get_vec_map();
-
-        for progress_state in progress_states {
-            assert_eq!(
-                count_collection_for(&collection, progress_state),
-                count_collection_iterator(&collection, progress_state)
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_map() -> HashMap<String, Progress> {
-        use Progress::*;
-
-        let mut map = HashMap::new();
-        map.insert(String::from("variables1"), Complete);
-        map.insert(String::from("functions1"), Complete);
-        map.insert(String::from("hashmap1"), Complete);
-        map.insert(String::from("arc1"), Some);
-        map.insert(String::from("as_ref_mut"), None);
-        map.insert(String::from("from_str"), None);
-
-        map
-    }
-
-    fn get_vec_map() -> Vec<HashMap<String, Progress>> {
-        use Progress::*;
-
-        let map = get_map();
-
-        let mut other = HashMap::new();
-        other.insert(String::from("variables2"), Complete);
-        other.insert(String::from("functions2"), Complete);
-        other.insert(String::from("if1"), Complete);
-        other.insert(String::from("from_into"), None);
-        other.insert(String::from("try_from_into"), None);
-
-        vec![map, other]
-    }
-}

exercises/lifetimes/README.md

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# Lifetimes
-
-Lifetimes tell the compiler how to check whether references live long
-enough to be valid in any given situation. For example lifetimes say
-"make sure parameter 'a' lives as long as parameter 'b' so that the return
-value is valid".
-
-They are only necessary on borrows, i.e. references,
-since copied parameters or moves are owned in their scope and cannot
-be referenced outside. Lifetimes mean that calling code of e.g. functions
-can be checked to make sure their arguments are valid. Lifetimes are
-restrictive of their callers.
-
-If you'd like to learn more about lifetime annotations, the
-[lifetimekata](https://tfpk.github.io/lifetimekata/) project
-has a similar style of exercises to Rustlings, but is all about
-learning to write lifetime annotations.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Lifetimes (in Rust By Example)](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/scope/lifetime.html)
-- [Validating References with Lifetimes](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html)

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// lifetimes1.rs
-//
-// The Rust compiler needs to know how to check whether supplied references are
-// valid, so that it can let the programmer know if a reference is at risk of
-// going out of scope before it is used. Remember, references are borrows and do
-// not own their own data. What if their owner goes out of scope?
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn longest(x: &str, y: &str) -> &str {
-    if x.len() > y.len() {
-        x
-    } else {
-        y
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let string1 = String::from("abcd");
-    let string2 = "xyz";
-
-    let result = longest(string1.as_str(), string2);
-    println!("The longest string is '{}'", result);
-}

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// lifetimes2.rs
-//
-// So if the compiler is just validating the references passed to the annotated
-// parameters and the return type, what do we need to change?
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
-    if x.len() > y.len() {
-        x
-    } else {
-        y
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let string1 = String::from("long string is long");
-    let result;
-    {
-        let string2 = String::from("xyz");
-        result = longest(string1.as_str(), string2.as_str());
-    }
-    println!("The longest string is '{}'", result);
-}

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// lifetimes3.rs
-//
-// Lifetimes are also needed when structs hold references.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-struct Book {
-    author: &str,
-    title: &str,
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let name = String::from("Jill Smith");
-    let title = String::from("Fish Flying");
-    let book = Book { author: &name, title: &title };
-
-    println!("{} by {}", book.title, book.author);
-}

exercises/macros/README.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# Macros
-
-Rust's macro system is very powerful, but also kind of difficult to wrap your
-head around. We're not going to teach you how to write your own fully-featured
-macros. Instead, we'll show you how to use and create them.
-
-If you'd like to learn more about writing your own macros, the
-[macrokata](https://github.com/tfpk/macrokata) project has a similar style
-of exercises to Rustlings, but is all about learning to write Macros.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Macros](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html)
-- [The Little Book of Rust Macros](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/)

exercises/macros/macros1.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// macros1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint macros1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-macro_rules! my_macro {
-    () => {
-        println!("Check out my macro!");
-    };
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    my_macro();
-}

exercises/macros/macros2.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// macros2.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint macros2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    my_macro!();
-}
-
-macro_rules! my_macro {
-    () => {
-        println!("Check out my macro!");
-    };
-}

exercises/macros/macros3.rs

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-// macros3.rs
-//
-// Make me compile, without taking the macro out of the module!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint macros3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-mod macros {
-    macro_rules! my_macro {
-        () => {
-            println!("Check out my macro!");
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    my_macro!();
-}

exercises/macros/macros4.rs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// macros4.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint macros4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-macro_rules! my_macro {
-    () => {
-        println!("Check out my macro!");
-    }
-    ($val:expr) => {
-        println!("Look at this other macro: {}", $val);
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    my_macro!();
-    my_macro!(7777);
-}

exercises/modules/README.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Modules
-
-In this section we'll give you an introduction to Rust's module system.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [The Module System](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch07-00-managing-growing-projects-with-packages-crates-and-modules.html)

exercises/modules/modules1.rs

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-// modules1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint modules1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-mod sausage_factory {
-    // Don't let anybody outside of this module see this!
-    fn get_secret_recipe() -> String {
-        String::from("Ginger")
-    }
-
-    fn make_sausage() {
-        get_secret_recipe();
-        println!("sausage!");
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    sausage_factory::make_sausage();
-}

exercises/modules/modules2.rs

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// modules2.rs
-//
-// You can bring module paths into scopes and provide new names for them with
-// the 'use' and 'as' keywords. Fix these 'use' statements to make the code
-// compile.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint modules2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-mod delicious_snacks {
-    // TODO: Fix these use statements
-    use self::fruits::PEAR as ???
-    use self::veggies::CUCUMBER as ???
-
-    mod fruits {
-        pub const PEAR: &'static str = "Pear";
-        pub const APPLE: &'static str = "Apple";
-    }
-
-    mod veggies {
-        pub const CUCUMBER: &'static str = "Cucumber";
-        pub const CARROT: &'static str = "Carrot";
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    println!(
-        "favorite snacks: {} and {}",
-        delicious_snacks::fruit,
-        delicious_snacks::veggie
-    );
-}

exercises/modules/modules3.rs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// modules3.rs
-//
-// You can use the 'use' keyword to bring module paths from modules from
-// anywhere and especially from the Rust standard library into your scope. Bring
-// SystemTime and UNIX_EPOCH from the std::time module. Bonus style points if
-// you can do it with one line!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint modules3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// TODO: Complete this use statement
-use ???
-
-fn main() {
-    match SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) {
-        Ok(n) => println!("1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC was {} seconds ago!", n.as_secs()),
-        Err(_) => panic!("SystemTime before UNIX EPOCH!"),
-    }
-}

exercises/move_semantics/README.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Move Semantics
-
-These exercises are adapted from [pnkfelix](https://github.com/pnkfelix)'s [Rust Tutorial](https://pnkfelix.github.io/rust-examples-icfp2014/) -- Thank you Felix!!!
-
-## Further information
-
-For this section, the book links are especially important.
-
-- [Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html)
-- [Reference and borrowing](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html)

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
-    let vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
-    assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
-}
-
-fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
-    let vec = vec;
-
-    vec.push(88);
-
-    vec
-}

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics2.rs
-//
-// Make the test pass by finding a way to keep both Vecs separate!
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
-    let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
-    assert_eq!(vec0, vec![22, 44, 66]);
-    assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
-}
-
-fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
-    let mut vec = vec;
-
-    vec.push(88);
-
-    vec
-}

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics3.rs
-//
-// Make me compile without adding new lines -- just changing existing lines! (no
-// lines with multiple semicolons necessary!)
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
-    let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
-    assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
-}
-
-fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
-    vec.push(88);
-
-    vec
-}

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics4.rs
-//
-// Refactor this code so that instead of passing `vec0` into the `fill_vec`
-// function, the Vector gets created in the function itself and passed back to
-// the main function.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let vec0 = vec![22, 44, 66];
-
-    let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);
-
-    assert_eq!(vec1, vec![22, 44, 66, 88]);
-}
-
-// `fill_vec()` no longer takes `vec: Vec<i32>` as argument - don't change this!
-fn fill_vec() -> Vec<i32> {
-    // Instead, let's create and fill the Vec in here - how do you do that?
-    let mut vec = vec;
-
-    vec.push(88);
-
-    vec
-}

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics5.rs
-//
-// Make me compile only by reordering the lines in `main()`, but without adding,
-// changing or removing any of them.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[test]
-fn main() {
-    let mut x = 100;
-    let y = &mut x;
-    let z = &mut x;
-    *y += 100;
-    *z += 1000;
-    assert_eq!(x, 1200);
-}

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// move_semantics6.rs
-//
-// You can't change anything except adding or removing references.
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand
-// for a hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn main() {
-    let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
-
-    get_char(data);
-
-    string_uppercase(&data);
-}
-
-// Should not take ownership
-fn get_char(data: String) -> char {
-    data.chars().last().unwrap()
-}
-
-// Should take ownership
-fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {
-    data = &data.to_uppercase();
-
-    println!("{}", data);
-}

exercises/options/README.md

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Options
-
-Type Option represents an optional value: every Option is either Some and contains a value, or None, and does not.
-Option types are very common in Rust code, as they have a number of uses:
-
-- Initial values
-- Return values for functions that are not defined over their entire input range (partial functions)
-- Return value for otherwise reporting simple errors, where None is returned on error
-- Optional struct fields
-- Struct fields that can be loaned or "taken"
-- Optional function arguments
-- Nullable pointers
-- Swapping things out of difficult situations
-
-## Further Information
-
-- [Option Enum Format](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html#in-enum-definitions)
-- [Option Module Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/)
-- [Option Enum Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html)
-- [if let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/if_let.html)
-- [while let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/while_let.html)

exercises/options/options1.rs

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// options1.rs
-//
-// Execute `rustlings hint options1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
-// hint.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// This function returns how much icecream there is left in the fridge.
-// If it's before 10PM, there's 5 pieces left. At 10PM, someone eats them
-// all, so there'll be no more left :(
-fn maybe_icecream(time_of_day: u16) -> Option<u16> {
-    // We use the 24-hour system here, so 10PM is a value of 22 and 12AM is a
-    // value of 0 The Option output should gracefully handle cases where
-    // time_of_day > 23.
-    // TODO: Complete the function body - remember to return an Option!
-    ???
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn check_icecream() {
-        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(9), Some(5));
-        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(10), Some(5));
-        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(23), Some(0));
-        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(22), Some(0));
-        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(25), None);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn raw_value() {
-        // TODO: Fix this test. How do you get at the value contained in the
-        // Option?
-        let icecreams = maybe_icecream(12);
-        assert_eq!(icecreams, 5);
-    }
-}